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<p>The proliferation of short-term rentals (STRs) has disrupted urban housing markets globally, yet their spatial correspondence with planned land use remains poorly understood in rapidly urbanizing African cities. This study pursues two analytical objectives: first, to identify spatio-temporal clusters of STR accommodation in the Greater Banjul Area, Gambia, using DBSCAN, HDBSCAN, and K-Means clustering methods and examine their relationship with Points of Interest (POI); and second, to overlay the identified clusters onto planned land-use zones to determine their spatial distribution across land-use categories. Results show that STR listings exhibit seasonal variation in spatial distribution, with higher concentrations observed during peak months (November–April) and more dispersed patterns during off-peak months (May–October), consistent with expected tourism seasonality in the region. K-Means produced the most stable clusters among the methods, while DBSCAN and HDBSCAN captured density variations. Spatial overlay analysis indicates that STR clusters are not uniformly distributed across planned land-use zones but follow a discernible spatial gradient, with residential zones recording the highest listing volume yet the lowest average prices (USD 51.80), while tourism-designated areas attracted the highest nightly rates (USD 100.67). POI proximity, particularly to tourist hotspots, transport infrastructure, and commercial facilities, emerged as a key driver of STR concentration and pricing differentiation. This study contributes to the growing body of spatial analysis literature on STR distribution in underrepresented African urban contexts. It links spatial clustering to geographic constructs such as scale, dependence, and heterogeneity, offering a replicable approach for zoning, monitoring growth, and informing sustainable STR development in West African urban contexts.</p>

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Spatio-temporal patterns of short-term rental clustering and land-use distribution in the greater Banjul Area, The Gambia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Rodrigue Samb,
  • Uttam Kumar Roy,
  • S. Manavvi

摘要

The proliferation of short-term rentals (STRs) has disrupted urban housing markets globally, yet their spatial correspondence with planned land use remains poorly understood in rapidly urbanizing African cities. This study pursues two analytical objectives: first, to identify spatio-temporal clusters of STR accommodation in the Greater Banjul Area, Gambia, using DBSCAN, HDBSCAN, and K-Means clustering methods and examine their relationship with Points of Interest (POI); and second, to overlay the identified clusters onto planned land-use zones to determine their spatial distribution across land-use categories. Results show that STR listings exhibit seasonal variation in spatial distribution, with higher concentrations observed during peak months (November–April) and more dispersed patterns during off-peak months (May–October), consistent with expected tourism seasonality in the region. K-Means produced the most stable clusters among the methods, while DBSCAN and HDBSCAN captured density variations. Spatial overlay analysis indicates that STR clusters are not uniformly distributed across planned land-use zones but follow a discernible spatial gradient, with residential zones recording the highest listing volume yet the lowest average prices (USD 51.80), while tourism-designated areas attracted the highest nightly rates (USD 100.67). POI proximity, particularly to tourist hotspots, transport infrastructure, and commercial facilities, emerged as a key driver of STR concentration and pricing differentiation. This study contributes to the growing body of spatial analysis literature on STR distribution in underrepresented African urban contexts. It links spatial clustering to geographic constructs such as scale, dependence, and heterogeneity, offering a replicable approach for zoning, monitoring growth, and informing sustainable STR development in West African urban contexts.