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<p>Rapid urbanization in developing cities frequently compromises natural hydrological systems, exacerbating vulnerability to climate hazards. This study employs a multi-temporal geospatial approach to quantify the degradation of the Akkulam-Veli wetland system in Thiruvananthapuram, India, and investigates its direct correlation with increasing urban flood susceptibility. Analyzing satellite imagery from 1995 to 2023, the study reveals a critical ecological decline, with total wetland area shrinking by approximately 81% (from 12.78 sq. km to 2.38 sq. km). This reduction is primarily driven by anthropogenic interventions, including the NH-66 bypass and Technopark expansion, which have converted wetlands into built-up areas (31%) and mixed vegetation (55%). Concurrently, the degradation of adjacent laterite hillocks—where elevations dropped from ~ 60&#xa0;m to 52&#xa0;m due to excavation—has further disrupted natural drainage gradients. A zone-wise regression analysis establishes a significant positive trend between wetland loss and flood overlap percentage, particularly in low-to-moderate elevation zones. These findings, validated by the severe inundation events of October 2023, confirm that the depletion of natural retention basins has critically amplified surface runoff. The study concludes that transitioning from reactive disaster management to proactive ecosystem-based planning, specifically through "Sponge City" frameworks and strict enforcement of conservation rules, is essential for restoring the region’s urban resilience.</p>

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Spatiotemporal analysis of the linkage between environmental degradation and flood susceptibility in an urban tropical wetland ecosystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • S. Sarun,
  • P. Vineetha

摘要

Rapid urbanization in developing cities frequently compromises natural hydrological systems, exacerbating vulnerability to climate hazards. This study employs a multi-temporal geospatial approach to quantify the degradation of the Akkulam-Veli wetland system in Thiruvananthapuram, India, and investigates its direct correlation with increasing urban flood susceptibility. Analyzing satellite imagery from 1995 to 2023, the study reveals a critical ecological decline, with total wetland area shrinking by approximately 81% (from 12.78 sq. km to 2.38 sq. km). This reduction is primarily driven by anthropogenic interventions, including the NH-66 bypass and Technopark expansion, which have converted wetlands into built-up areas (31%) and mixed vegetation (55%). Concurrently, the degradation of adjacent laterite hillocks—where elevations dropped from ~ 60 m to 52 m due to excavation—has further disrupted natural drainage gradients. A zone-wise regression analysis establishes a significant positive trend between wetland loss and flood overlap percentage, particularly in low-to-moderate elevation zones. These findings, validated by the severe inundation events of October 2023, confirm that the depletion of natural retention basins has critically amplified surface runoff. The study concludes that transitioning from reactive disaster management to proactive ecosystem-based planning, specifically through "Sponge City" frameworks and strict enforcement of conservation rules, is essential for restoring the region’s urban resilience.