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<p>Urban heritage is increasingly understood as a dynamic component of urban resilience and sustainable development, yet many existing assessment frameworks remain descriptive and detached from spatial reality. This study introduces an integrated and operational framework for evaluating the developmental potential of heritage through a spatially grounded model of Heritage-Based Development Indicators (HBDIs). Built upon the intersection of urban morphology, spatial network analysis, and resilience theory, the HBDIs framework translates the multidimensional value of heritage into a measurable diagnostic system. Twelve composite indicators were formulated across three analytical domains: Street Network Indices (SNIs), capturing spatial accessibility and integration; Urban Morphology Indicators (UMIs), reflecting typological continuity and morphological coherence; and Urban Resilience Proxies (URPs), assessing adaptability, redundancy, and system recovery potential.</p><p>The model was tested in Port Said, Egypt, a city characterized by the coexistence of colonial and vernacular morphologies, through GIS-based spatial analysis, archival cartography, and on-site field observation across its two heritage quarters—<i>Efrang</i> and <i>Arab</i>. Methodologically, the model navigates several constraints: the complexity of multi-layered spatial datasets, uneven availability of archival maps, and the reliance on qualitative and participatory inputs for scoring resilience-related proxies. These factors introduce challenges in operationalizing the model in local planning systems, particularly where institutional capacities are limited. Despite these constraints, results reveal contrasting yet complementary patterns: the <i>Efrang</i> Quarter demonstrates higher scores in cultural accessibility and typological coherence, whereas the <i>Arab</i> Quarter exhibits stronger adaptability, social resilience, and vernacular integrity. These findings illustrate cyclical dynamics between stability and transformation in Port Said’s urban heritage. By operationalizing spatial analytics within heritage valuation, the HBDIs framework establishes a replicable model for evidence-based heritage planning aligned with the UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach and Sustainable Development Goal 11.4, particularly in the Global South where cities face rapid development pressures.</p>

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A matrix-based model for operationalizing heritage-based development indicators (HBDIs) in Port Said, Egypt

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • M. Ibrahim,
  • M. Fouad,
  • A. Saleh

摘要

Urban heritage is increasingly understood as a dynamic component of urban resilience and sustainable development, yet many existing assessment frameworks remain descriptive and detached from spatial reality. This study introduces an integrated and operational framework for evaluating the developmental potential of heritage through a spatially grounded model of Heritage-Based Development Indicators (HBDIs). Built upon the intersection of urban morphology, spatial network analysis, and resilience theory, the HBDIs framework translates the multidimensional value of heritage into a measurable diagnostic system. Twelve composite indicators were formulated across three analytical domains: Street Network Indices (SNIs), capturing spatial accessibility and integration; Urban Morphology Indicators (UMIs), reflecting typological continuity and morphological coherence; and Urban Resilience Proxies (URPs), assessing adaptability, redundancy, and system recovery potential.

The model was tested in Port Said, Egypt, a city characterized by the coexistence of colonial and vernacular morphologies, through GIS-based spatial analysis, archival cartography, and on-site field observation across its two heritage quarters—Efrang and Arab. Methodologically, the model navigates several constraints: the complexity of multi-layered spatial datasets, uneven availability of archival maps, and the reliance on qualitative and participatory inputs for scoring resilience-related proxies. These factors introduce challenges in operationalizing the model in local planning systems, particularly where institutional capacities are limited. Despite these constraints, results reveal contrasting yet complementary patterns: the Efrang Quarter demonstrates higher scores in cultural accessibility and typological coherence, whereas the Arab Quarter exhibits stronger adaptability, social resilience, and vernacular integrity. These findings illustrate cyclical dynamics between stability and transformation in Port Said’s urban heritage. By operationalizing spatial analytics within heritage valuation, the HBDIs framework establishes a replicable model for evidence-based heritage planning aligned with the UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach and Sustainable Development Goal 11.4, particularly in the Global South where cities face rapid development pressures.