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<p>Air pollution poses a persistent challenge in rapidly urbanizing countries like India, with megacities such as Kolkata experiencing deteriorating air quality due to a combination of geographical, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors. This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of air quality in Kolkata from 2019 to 2023, focusing on mapping persistent and emerging pollution risk zones, analyzing meteorological correlations, and attributing pollution sources. Despite multiple interventions, Kolkata continues to report alarming levels of key pollutants, such as PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂, which have direct implications for public health and urban sustainability. Recognizing a gap in localized, long-term assessments of pollution variability across the city, this study utilizes AQI and pollutant data sourced from the West Bengal Pollution Control Board and the Central Pollution Control Board. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive multi-year, spatial–temporal assessment of urban air quality combined with meteorological analysis and source attribution at a micro-urban scale. Through Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation and statistical visualization techniques, the study identifies dynamic yet consistent air pollution risk in areas such as <i>Hide Road</i>, <i>Shyambazar</i>, <i>Moulali</i>, <i>Ultadanga</i>, and <i>Minto Park</i>, while pollutant-specific risk zones include <i>Mominpur</i>, <i>Topsia</i>, and <i>Beliaghata</i>. The research further explores the meteorological influence on pollutant concentrations using linear regression and correlation analysis. Results indicate a significant pre-monsoon influence of temperature on pollutant variability, positive correlations between relative humidity and SO₂ during the monsoon, and negative correlations with NO₂ and PM₂.₅, while post-monsoon rainfall shows a strong inverse relationship with all pollutants, highlighting its role in atmospheric cleansing. Findings suggest that transportation emissions and slum-related activities are the most consistent sources of air pollution. By mapping spatial trends and understanding meteorological dependencies, the study provides critical insights for targeted policy interventions and urban planning strategies aimed at sustainable air quality management. The research holds broader significance in guiding future air pollution mitigation frameworks for Kolkata and other similarly urbanized environments across the Global South.</p>

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Decoding spatiotemporal dynamics of air pollution and its underlying drivers in Kolkata metropolitan area through integrated field investigation and geospatial analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Banashree Chakroborty,
  • Kalyan Rudra,
  • Debashis Chakrabarty,
  • Swastika Naskar,
  • Sumanta Das

摘要

Air pollution poses a persistent challenge in rapidly urbanizing countries like India, with megacities such as Kolkata experiencing deteriorating air quality due to a combination of geographical, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors. This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of air quality in Kolkata from 2019 to 2023, focusing on mapping persistent and emerging pollution risk zones, analyzing meteorological correlations, and attributing pollution sources. Despite multiple interventions, Kolkata continues to report alarming levels of key pollutants, such as PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂, which have direct implications for public health and urban sustainability. Recognizing a gap in localized, long-term assessments of pollution variability across the city, this study utilizes AQI and pollutant data sourced from the West Bengal Pollution Control Board and the Central Pollution Control Board. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive multi-year, spatial–temporal assessment of urban air quality combined with meteorological analysis and source attribution at a micro-urban scale. Through Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation and statistical visualization techniques, the study identifies dynamic yet consistent air pollution risk in areas such as Hide Road, Shyambazar, Moulali, Ultadanga, and Minto Park, while pollutant-specific risk zones include Mominpur, Topsia, and Beliaghata. The research further explores the meteorological influence on pollutant concentrations using linear regression and correlation analysis. Results indicate a significant pre-monsoon influence of temperature on pollutant variability, positive correlations between relative humidity and SO₂ during the monsoon, and negative correlations with NO₂ and PM₂.₅, while post-monsoon rainfall shows a strong inverse relationship with all pollutants, highlighting its role in atmospheric cleansing. Findings suggest that transportation emissions and slum-related activities are the most consistent sources of air pollution. By mapping spatial trends and understanding meteorological dependencies, the study provides critical insights for targeted policy interventions and urban planning strategies aimed at sustainable air quality management. The research holds broader significance in guiding future air pollution mitigation frameworks for Kolkata and other similarly urbanized environments across the Global South.