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<p>Rapid urbanization increases built-up density, replacing natural surfaces with roads and buildings, and reduces vegetation, raising temperatures, and increasing heat waves, and exposure risks. The India Cooling Action Plan 2019 projects that 40% of households will have air conditioners by 2038, significantly impacting outdoor temperatures. Urban morphological variables such as aspect ratio, canyon geometry, and Sky View Factor (SVF) influence the microclimate. Research shows that the Sky View Factor (SVF) plays a significant role in re-radiating long-wave radiation to the night sky in urban environments, thereby contributing to cooling. Thus, enhancing the microclimate through urban morphology is crucial in reducing cooling demand and mitigating adverse climate effects. This research studies the enhancement in microclimate by optimizing the SVF and vegetation and analyzes its impact on outdoor and indoor thermal comfort. A gated community in Vijayawada, India, has been selected for this study. Ten SVF values (0.319, 0.245, 0.195, 0.186, 0.224, and 0.586, 0.486, 0.370, 0.352, and 0.342) were selected based on local building regulations and the repetitive SVF cases of gated communities respectively. DesignBuilder was used to identify the optimized SVF based on their energy consumption results. ENVI-met was validated using field measurements in optimized SVF. Further, ENVI-met simulations were carried out for North-East 45°, South-East 135°, South-West 225°, and North-West 315° orientations and 20% and 50% tree cover, and 70% grass cover vegetation scenarios and outdoor thermal comfort conditions during summer and winter were analyzed. The results reveal that 135°N orientation with 50% tree cover reduced the duration of extreme heat stress to 5&#xa0;h from 8&#xa0;h in the base case with no vegetation and orientation scenario. The simulation results in DesignBuilder indicate a significant reduction in indoor temperatures and energy consumption in winter (26–29 kWh/day) compared to summer (4-5.8 kWh/day) owing to higher outdoor temperatures with hot winds. The study findings will help planners and developers of the booming construction industry in India.</p>

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Optimizing sky view factor and vegetation to mitigate urban heat in hot-humid climates

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月5日

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  • Pooja Solanki,
  • Lilly Rose Amirtham,
  • Chirag Deb

摘要

Rapid urbanization increases built-up density, replacing natural surfaces with roads and buildings, and reduces vegetation, raising temperatures, and increasing heat waves, and exposure risks. The India Cooling Action Plan 2019 projects that 40% of households will have air conditioners by 2038, significantly impacting outdoor temperatures. Urban morphological variables such as aspect ratio, canyon geometry, and Sky View Factor (SVF) influence the microclimate. Research shows that the Sky View Factor (SVF) plays a significant role in re-radiating long-wave radiation to the night sky in urban environments, thereby contributing to cooling. Thus, enhancing the microclimate through urban morphology is crucial in reducing cooling demand and mitigating adverse climate effects. This research studies the enhancement in microclimate by optimizing the SVF and vegetation and analyzes its impact on outdoor and indoor thermal comfort. A gated community in Vijayawada, India, has been selected for this study. Ten SVF values (0.319, 0.245, 0.195, 0.186, 0.224, and 0.586, 0.486, 0.370, 0.352, and 0.342) were selected based on local building regulations and the repetitive SVF cases of gated communities respectively. DesignBuilder was used to identify the optimized SVF based on their energy consumption results. ENVI-met was validated using field measurements in optimized SVF. Further, ENVI-met simulations were carried out for North-East 45°, South-East 135°, South-West 225°, and North-West 315° orientations and 20% and 50% tree cover, and 70% grass cover vegetation scenarios and outdoor thermal comfort conditions during summer and winter were analyzed. The results reveal that 135°N orientation with 50% tree cover reduced the duration of extreme heat stress to 5 h from 8 h in the base case with no vegetation and orientation scenario. The simulation results in DesignBuilder indicate a significant reduction in indoor temperatures and energy consumption in winter (26–29 kWh/day) compared to summer (4-5.8 kWh/day) owing to higher outdoor temperatures with hot winds. The study findings will help planners and developers of the booming construction industry in India.