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<p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused several impacts on the daily lives of city residents. Considering this context, this study aimed to analyze per capita monthly water consumption in 142 municipalities in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, to identify the water consumption patterns in the periods before (from April to December 2019) and during (April to December 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney statistical tests were used in the analyses, in addition to multiple linear regression models. The results showed that urban water consumption was affected by the pandemic. The hypothesis tests revealed that 60 (42%) municipalities presented significant changes in water consumption, with 18 (13%) showing an increase and 42 (29%) a reduction. The linear regression analysis showed a significant increase in six municipalities (4%) and a reduction in 34 (24%). Some municipalities such as Águas de Chapecó and São João do Itaperiú had a significant raise in water consumption related to local economic factors, such as the resilience of the agribusiness industry. In contrast, significant reductions occurred in municipalities with industrial or commercial and service activities, such as Armazém and Canoinhas, respectively. Local characteristics, drought episodes, and the specificities of the municipality’s economy may influence water consumption patterns in different ways. This analysis can be useful to support the implementation of administrative measures during quarantine or restriction periods, as occurred in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the variations in water consumption at unusual times can help develop strategies to improve water security.</p>

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Water consumption in Santa Catarina municipalities in times of COVID-19

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月21日

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  • Elisa Henning,
  • Andreza Kalbusch,
  • Lucas Henrique Fleischmann,
  • Isabela das Chagas Luiz,
  • Olga Maria Formigoni Carvalho Walter

摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic caused several impacts on the daily lives of city residents. Considering this context, this study aimed to analyze per capita monthly water consumption in 142 municipalities in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, to identify the water consumption patterns in the periods before (from April to December 2019) and during (April to December 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney statistical tests were used in the analyses, in addition to multiple linear regression models. The results showed that urban water consumption was affected by the pandemic. The hypothesis tests revealed that 60 (42%) municipalities presented significant changes in water consumption, with 18 (13%) showing an increase and 42 (29%) a reduction. The linear regression analysis showed a significant increase in six municipalities (4%) and a reduction in 34 (24%). Some municipalities such as Águas de Chapecó and São João do Itaperiú had a significant raise in water consumption related to local economic factors, such as the resilience of the agribusiness industry. In contrast, significant reductions occurred in municipalities with industrial or commercial and service activities, such as Armazém and Canoinhas, respectively. Local characteristics, drought episodes, and the specificities of the municipality’s economy may influence water consumption patterns in different ways. This analysis can be useful to support the implementation of administrative measures during quarantine or restriction periods, as occurred in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the variations in water consumption at unusual times can help develop strategies to improve water security.