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<p>Vagaries in weather patterns and rapid urbanization have made flood mapping and monitoring essential for city planners and administrators. The city of Varanasi (India), on the banks of Ganga river, is one of oldest continually inhabited locales in the world and has become the most visited place in India over the past decade. The city has experienced numerous extreme floods (1978, 2013), disrupting lives of the residents and tourists alike. Present study employed the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for flood mapping and monitoring in the region from 2017 to 2023. Using high-resolution satellite imagery processed through GEE, this study mapped flood-prone areas across the urbanization. Changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were ascertained for the study period. Rainfall and water table measurements are also taken into account to delve deeper into flood patterns. The relationship between flood extent and rainfall has been explored. Key aspects such as difference layers, affected areas, and exposed populations were examined. The results of the study allude to the risk posed by construction in flood prone zones which puts human lives at severe risk. This city collectively experienced that around 7578&#xa0;ha of the area and 819,472 people were exposed during the period of the study. The results of the present study can be used by policy makers to better execute and plan infrastructure in the cites and protect human lives.</p>

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Assessing the impact of urbanization on flood patterns in Varanasi, India using Google Earth Engine

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Vikas Yadav,
  • Ashutosh Kainthola,
  • Gaurav Kushwaha,
  • Vishnu H. R. Pandey,
  • Abhi S. Krishna

摘要

Vagaries in weather patterns and rapid urbanization have made flood mapping and monitoring essential for city planners and administrators. The city of Varanasi (India), on the banks of Ganga river, is one of oldest continually inhabited locales in the world and has become the most visited place in India over the past decade. The city has experienced numerous extreme floods (1978, 2013), disrupting lives of the residents and tourists alike. Present study employed the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for flood mapping and monitoring in the region from 2017 to 2023. Using high-resolution satellite imagery processed through GEE, this study mapped flood-prone areas across the urbanization. Changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were ascertained for the study period. Rainfall and water table measurements are also taken into account to delve deeper into flood patterns. The relationship between flood extent and rainfall has been explored. Key aspects such as difference layers, affected areas, and exposed populations were examined. The results of the study allude to the risk posed by construction in flood prone zones which puts human lives at severe risk. This city collectively experienced that around 7578 ha of the area and 819,472 people were exposed during the period of the study. The results of the present study can be used by policy makers to better execute and plan infrastructure in the cites and protect human lives.