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Purpose <p>Heart transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for patients with end-stage heart failure and still the gold standard treatment, however, acute complications can significantly impact outcomes. These complications include primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, infections, vascular abnormalities, and thoracic surgical issues. In these cases radiology plays a critical role in the identification and management of some of these conditions. This review highlights the radiologic findings associated with some these complications and evaluates the utility of various imaging modalities.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out to know how imaging modalities assist in identifying complications post-heart transplantation. The modalities such as chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) were reviewed for their strengths and weaknesses. Their application in post-transplant care was also discussed.</p> Results <p>Imaging proved to be quite instrumental in the early detection of complications. CT provided comprehensive assessments of vascular and thoracic abnormalities, MRI generally offered superior functional and tissue characterization, especially in conditions such as suspected acute rejection. The plain chest X-ray, although grossly limited in detail, was very important in most rapid bedside assessments, whereas ultrasonography was very effective in detecting pleural and pericardial effusions, pneumothorax, and guiding several interventional procedures. Each modality when used collectively improved diagnostic accuracy and facilitated appropriate, timely interventions with an impact in the prognosis of the patient.</p> Conclusions <p>Radiology plays a very crucial role in the care of patients with heart transplantation. Advanced imaging methods help rapidly to identify serious complications that have to be treated promptly and efficiently. Standardized imaging guidelines and new technologies offer even better results for patients.</p>

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Radiologic insights in acute post-operative complications after heart transplantation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Andrea Buoso,
  • Laura Cea,
  • Riccardo Ferrari,
  • Amedeo Pergolini,
  • Mariano Feccia,
  • Bruno Beomonte Zobel,
  • Michele Galluzzo

摘要

Purpose

Heart transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for patients with end-stage heart failure and still the gold standard treatment, however, acute complications can significantly impact outcomes. These complications include primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, infections, vascular abnormalities, and thoracic surgical issues. In these cases radiology plays a critical role in the identification and management of some of these conditions. This review highlights the radiologic findings associated with some these complications and evaluates the utility of various imaging modalities.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out to know how imaging modalities assist in identifying complications post-heart transplantation. The modalities such as chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) were reviewed for their strengths and weaknesses. Their application in post-transplant care was also discussed.

Results

Imaging proved to be quite instrumental in the early detection of complications. CT provided comprehensive assessments of vascular and thoracic abnormalities, MRI generally offered superior functional and tissue characterization, especially in conditions such as suspected acute rejection. The plain chest X-ray, although grossly limited in detail, was very important in most rapid bedside assessments, whereas ultrasonography was very effective in detecting pleural and pericardial effusions, pneumothorax, and guiding several interventional procedures. Each modality when used collectively improved diagnostic accuracy and facilitated appropriate, timely interventions with an impact in the prognosis of the patient.

Conclusions

Radiology plays a very crucial role in the care of patients with heart transplantation. Advanced imaging methods help rapidly to identify serious complications that have to be treated promptly and efficiently. Standardized imaging guidelines and new technologies offer even better results for patients.