<p>The deep sea is an expansive and largely unexplored domain, and its effective governance requires concerted international efforts. Despite the existence of international frameworks, the current deep-sea governance structures are somewhat fragmented, led by selected entities, and address only a limited range of issues. This study examines the current landscape of international deep-sea governance, exploring the organizational frameworks, institutional structures, key actors, pressing issues, and management instruments. It also analyzes the multiple challenges that confront deep-sea governance in light of the imperative for developing an ecosystem-based approach. Furthermore, the study evaluates China’s engagement in international deep-sea governance in terms of following international conventions and contributing to scientific and technological advancements. Moreover, guided by the principles of a maritime community in a shared future, pathways for enhanced participation in ecosystem-based deep-sea governance are proposed.</p>