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<p>This study explores the effect of manganese (Mn) substitution at the B-site of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics synthesized via the solid-state reaction route. The structural, and dielectric characteristics of Mn-substituted PZT were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns confirmed a single-phase perovskite structure up to 0.06% Mn substitution while secondary phases appeared at 0.08% Mn concentration. The scanning electron micrographs revealed dense microstructures for both pure and low content Mn-substituted PZT ceramics. In contrast, higher Mn substitution (0.08%) resulted in grain irregularities and increased porosity. Dielectric measurements demonstrated a gradual decrease in the dielectric constant with Mn substitution up to 0.05%, which is attributed to domain wall pinning and defect-induced charge compensation mechanisms. At higher substitution levels (≥ 0.06%), an increase in the dielectric constant at low frequencies was observed, primarily due to enhanced space-charge polarization. However, this improvement was accompanied by a significant increase in dielectric loss. Overall, the results indicate that Mn substitution in PZT ceramics leads to a trade-off between dielectric enhancement and energy dissipation, highlighting the importance of optimizing Mn concentration for targeted applications. Owing to their tunable dielectric behavior, Mn-substituted PZT ceramics exhibit strong potential for pyroelectric applications, including sensors, infrared detectors, and energy harvesting devices.</p>

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Impact of Mn incorporation on the structural and dielectric characteristics of PZT ceramics synthesized via solid-state reaction

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • T. Radhika,
  • K. G. Vasanthakumari,
  • Amal K. Vinod

摘要

This study explores the effect of manganese (Mn) substitution at the B-site of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics synthesized via the solid-state reaction route. The structural, and dielectric characteristics of Mn-substituted PZT were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns confirmed a single-phase perovskite structure up to 0.06% Mn substitution while secondary phases appeared at 0.08% Mn concentration. The scanning electron micrographs revealed dense microstructures for both pure and low content Mn-substituted PZT ceramics. In contrast, higher Mn substitution (0.08%) resulted in grain irregularities and increased porosity. Dielectric measurements demonstrated a gradual decrease in the dielectric constant with Mn substitution up to 0.05%, which is attributed to domain wall pinning and defect-induced charge compensation mechanisms. At higher substitution levels (≥ 0.06%), an increase in the dielectric constant at low frequencies was observed, primarily due to enhanced space-charge polarization. However, this improvement was accompanied by a significant increase in dielectric loss. Overall, the results indicate that Mn substitution in PZT ceramics leads to a trade-off between dielectric enhancement and energy dissipation, highlighting the importance of optimizing Mn concentration for targeted applications. Owing to their tunable dielectric behavior, Mn-substituted PZT ceramics exhibit strong potential for pyroelectric applications, including sensors, infrared detectors, and energy harvesting devices.