<p>The development of emerging technologies in satellite communications, military applications, scientific research, short-range wireless networks, 5G, and mm-wave machine-to-machine communications always demands ultra-high speed transmission capabilities (high data rates), wide bandwidth, high-gain, and low-latency antennas. To achieve these requirements, a high-gain circular quasi-fractal antenna for advanced 5G communications and mm-waves is analysed, fabricated, and investigated. The super-compact (6127 × 6284 µm<sup>2</sup>) reduced electrical length patch antenna is fabricated on a low-loss RT Duroid 5880 substrate of thickness 127&#xa0;μm at U-band 50&#xa0;GHz frequency. The proposed design utilizes the same concept of a fractal, but it is designed to reduce the electrical length of the antenna patch in reverse-fractal ways. This helps to miniaturize the antenna size to 35.155% and, therefore, the antenna becomes more economical. A two-iteration quasi-fractal is applied to the rectangular patch to minimize the lower current portion from the patch. This results in antenna tuning at 50&#xa0;GHz, enhancing bandwidth and gain values. The antenna achieves a gain of 7.44 dBi and a wider bandwidth from 42.04&#xa0;GHz to 57.34&#xa0;GHz. Therefore, the designed antenna is suitable for wireless personal area networks (WPAN), future LAN, and energy launchers in U-band microstrip to rectangular waveguide transition. A lumped-element electrical equivalent R, L, C circuit of the antenna is generated and validated using the Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and its reflection coefficient (S<sub>11</sub>) is found in excellent agreement with the S<sub>11</sub> of the HFSS-designed antenna.</p>

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High-gain miniaturized reduced electrical length circular quasi-fractal antenna for U-band and mm-wave (5G-advanced and 6G) communications

  • Atul Varshney

摘要

The development of emerging technologies in satellite communications, military applications, scientific research, short-range wireless networks, 5G, and mm-wave machine-to-machine communications always demands ultra-high speed transmission capabilities (high data rates), wide bandwidth, high-gain, and low-latency antennas. To achieve these requirements, a high-gain circular quasi-fractal antenna for advanced 5G communications and mm-waves is analysed, fabricated, and investigated. The super-compact (6127 × 6284 µm2) reduced electrical length patch antenna is fabricated on a low-loss RT Duroid 5880 substrate of thickness 127 μm at U-band 50 GHz frequency. The proposed design utilizes the same concept of a fractal, but it is designed to reduce the electrical length of the antenna patch in reverse-fractal ways. This helps to miniaturize the antenna size to 35.155% and, therefore, the antenna becomes more economical. A two-iteration quasi-fractal is applied to the rectangular patch to minimize the lower current portion from the patch. This results in antenna tuning at 50 GHz, enhancing bandwidth and gain values. The antenna achieves a gain of 7.44 dBi and a wider bandwidth from 42.04 GHz to 57.34 GHz. Therefore, the designed antenna is suitable for wireless personal area networks (WPAN), future LAN, and energy launchers in U-band microstrip to rectangular waveguide transition. A lumped-element electrical equivalent R, L, C circuit of the antenna is generated and validated using the Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and its reflection coefficient (S11) is found in excellent agreement with the S11 of the HFSS-designed antenna.