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<p>This study investigates the feasibility of producing sustainable paving blocks using quarry sand and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste as an alternative to conventional construction materials. Three plastic-to-sand ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 by weight were evaluated to assess the influence of plastic content on the mechanical and durability properties of the resulting composites. Results showed that compressive strengths of 17.14&#xa0;MPa, 12.11&#xa0;MPa, and 13.41&#xa0;MPa were obtained for the 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 mixes, respectively, while corresponding flexural strengths were 5.5&#xa0;MPa, 6.9&#xa0;MPa, and 7.5&#xa0;MPa. Water absorption values ranged from 0.09% to 0.42%, indicating very low permeability. These values fall well below the maximum limits specified by ASTM C936 and EN 1338:2006, demonstrating superior resistance to moisture penetration. The results further indicate that increasing plastic content enhances compressive strength, while lower plastic content improves flexural performance. Overall, the findings confirm that plastic–sand paving blocks possess adequate strength and durability characteristics, making them a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative for paving applications, while also contributing to plastic waste management. However, further studies incorporating long-term durability assessment, large-scale production feasibility, and life cycle analysis are recommended to fully establish their applicability in real-world construction scenarios.</p>

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Assessing Leboudi quarry sand and plastic waste for sustainable paving blocks production

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Bechan Lika Ndimungiang,
  • Fon Alain Zoum,
  • Clinton Ndonui Fon,
  • Primus Azinwi Tamfuh,
  • Bertrand Tatoh Aziwo

摘要

This study investigates the feasibility of producing sustainable paving blocks using quarry sand and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste as an alternative to conventional construction materials. Three plastic-to-sand ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 by weight were evaluated to assess the influence of plastic content on the mechanical and durability properties of the resulting composites. Results showed that compressive strengths of 17.14 MPa, 12.11 MPa, and 13.41 MPa were obtained for the 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 mixes, respectively, while corresponding flexural strengths were 5.5 MPa, 6.9 MPa, and 7.5 MPa. Water absorption values ranged from 0.09% to 0.42%, indicating very low permeability. These values fall well below the maximum limits specified by ASTM C936 and EN 1338:2006, demonstrating superior resistance to moisture penetration. The results further indicate that increasing plastic content enhances compressive strength, while lower plastic content improves flexural performance. Overall, the findings confirm that plastic–sand paving blocks possess adequate strength and durability characteristics, making them a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative for paving applications, while also contributing to plastic waste management. However, further studies incorporating long-term durability assessment, large-scale production feasibility, and life cycle analysis are recommended to fully establish their applicability in real-world construction scenarios.