Scholarlink

<p>Emerging contaminants (ECs), which comprise pharmaceuticals, pesticides, herbicides, personal care products, and persistent industrial chemicals, are increasingly detected in various environmental compartments. They enter the environment through domestic waste, industrial discharge, sewage systems, agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition, threatening human, wildlife, and environmental health. Due to their persistent and bioaccumulative nature, they remain in the environment for a very long time and enter food chains, thereby causing hormonal, immunological, endocrinological, neurological, and carcinogenic effects. Various remediation techniques, namely membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and nanotechnology-based remediation, have been developed that offer high removal efficiency but are limited by high cost, energy demand, and secondary waste generation. In contrast, phytoremediation offers a cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative. Among them, vetiver-based phytoremediation has gained attention due to its deep fibrous roots, tolerance to extreme environmental stresses, and association with diverse rhizosphere microbial communities. These traits collectively enhance processes such as phytoextraction, rhizodegradation, and phytostabilization. Vetiver has shown promising potential for the removal of a range of ECs, namely antibiotics (tetracycline, ciprofloxacin), NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac), pesticides and herbicides (endosulfan, atrazine), explosives (TNT, RDX, DNAN), and even radioactive isotopes (¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr) under controlled experimental conditions. Despite such promising studies, a comprehensive assessment of vetiver for ECs remediation remains limited. This review addresses this gap by providing a detailed discussion on the application and potential of vetiver for the removal of ECs from soil and water. The possible role of various factors, such as morphological features of vetiver, root-associated microbes, root zone enzymes, etc., in facilitating the remediation of different emerging contaminants has been critically evaluated. Furthermore, key limitations of phytoremediation are discussed along with future research pathways to integrate vetiver systems with complementary technologies for enhanced efficiency and establishing vetiver as a sustainable and versatile solution for the remediation of emerging environmental contaminants.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Mechanisms, prospects, and limitations of vetiver-based green technology for remediation of environmental contaminants of emerging concern

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

查看全文
  • Bhani Kongkham,
  • P. Duraivadivel,
  • Nisha Gupta,
  • Nitin Shraban,
  • Pankaj Kumar

摘要

Emerging contaminants (ECs), which comprise pharmaceuticals, pesticides, herbicides, personal care products, and persistent industrial chemicals, are increasingly detected in various environmental compartments. They enter the environment through domestic waste, industrial discharge, sewage systems, agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition, threatening human, wildlife, and environmental health. Due to their persistent and bioaccumulative nature, they remain in the environment for a very long time and enter food chains, thereby causing hormonal, immunological, endocrinological, neurological, and carcinogenic effects. Various remediation techniques, namely membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and nanotechnology-based remediation, have been developed that offer high removal efficiency but are limited by high cost, energy demand, and secondary waste generation. In contrast, phytoremediation offers a cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative. Among them, vetiver-based phytoremediation has gained attention due to its deep fibrous roots, tolerance to extreme environmental stresses, and association with diverse rhizosphere microbial communities. These traits collectively enhance processes such as phytoextraction, rhizodegradation, and phytostabilization. Vetiver has shown promising potential for the removal of a range of ECs, namely antibiotics (tetracycline, ciprofloxacin), NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac), pesticides and herbicides (endosulfan, atrazine), explosives (TNT, RDX, DNAN), and even radioactive isotopes (¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr) under controlled experimental conditions. Despite such promising studies, a comprehensive assessment of vetiver for ECs remediation remains limited. This review addresses this gap by providing a detailed discussion on the application and potential of vetiver for the removal of ECs from soil and water. The possible role of various factors, such as morphological features of vetiver, root-associated microbes, root zone enzymes, etc., in facilitating the remediation of different emerging contaminants has been critically evaluated. Furthermore, key limitations of phytoremediation are discussed along with future research pathways to integrate vetiver systems with complementary technologies for enhanced efficiency and establishing vetiver as a sustainable and versatile solution for the remediation of emerging environmental contaminants.