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<p>Groundwater is an extensive and prominent source of water supply for domestic, industrial and agricultural requirements. The unaccounted use of groundwater and discharge of contaminated wastewater have resulted in contamination of groundwater and a reduction in the size of aquifers. The quantum of groundwater and its quality are the key factors assessed using multivariate statistical analysis to identify its applicability to specific requirements. The groundwater samples were collected from 72 locations in the Wardha River basin from January 2010 to July 2021 to analyse the groundwater level, and water quality samples were collected from 60 locations. The cluster analysis is performed on three classes of datasets (monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) to identify the variation in groundwater level, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the significant variance in the water quality parameters. The cluster analysis screened for similarity among monitoring sites and suggested potential redundancy. The results of PCA suggest that PC1 is dominated by TH, Mg, EC and NO₃, (pH negative) with 41.67% of variance, while HCO₃⁻ and F loaded on PC2 with 21.67% variance. These insights provide a scientific basis for identifying critical zones of contamination and prioritizing monitoring efforts. The study underscores the necessity of groundwater quality surveillance at hotspots, stricter regulation of wastewater discharge, and sustainable extraction practices to safeguard the aquifers.</p>

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Hydrogeochemical and groundwater-level dynamics of the Wardha sub-basin (Godavari, India) using PCA and HCA

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Ashay Devidas Shende,
  • Mrunmayee Manjari Sahoo

摘要

Groundwater is an extensive and prominent source of water supply for domestic, industrial and agricultural requirements. The unaccounted use of groundwater and discharge of contaminated wastewater have resulted in contamination of groundwater and a reduction in the size of aquifers. The quantum of groundwater and its quality are the key factors assessed using multivariate statistical analysis to identify its applicability to specific requirements. The groundwater samples were collected from 72 locations in the Wardha River basin from January 2010 to July 2021 to analyse the groundwater level, and water quality samples were collected from 60 locations. The cluster analysis is performed on three classes of datasets (monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) to identify the variation in groundwater level, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the significant variance in the water quality parameters. The cluster analysis screened for similarity among monitoring sites and suggested potential redundancy. The results of PCA suggest that PC1 is dominated by TH, Mg, EC and NO₃, (pH negative) with 41.67% of variance, while HCO₃⁻ and F loaded on PC2 with 21.67% variance. These insights provide a scientific basis for identifying critical zones of contamination and prioritizing monitoring efforts. The study underscores the necessity of groundwater quality surveillance at hotspots, stricter regulation of wastewater discharge, and sustainable extraction practices to safeguard the aquifers.