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<p>This study conducts a series of vibratory compaction tests on soil-rock mixture fillers, focusing on how rock size and content influence settlement. Using models and parameters validated by unconfined compression tests and numerical&#xa0;simulations, a surface vibration compaction model was developed to monitor real-time settlement. Results show that final settlement decreases with increasing&#xa0;rock size and content. PFC3D simulations reveal void ratio variations&#xa0;during compaction, which correlate closely with settlement and overall compaction quality. Notably, the settlement at the compacted state follows the same trend as final settlement when rock size and content vary. The study also finds that simulated final settlement is inversely proportional to excitation frequency and directly proportional to rock content. A parameter sensitivity analysis highlights the roles of soil-rock ratio and excitation frequency, leading to a settlement prediction model. Field validation confirms the model’s high accuracy in estimating compaction quality from settlement data.</p>

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Quantitative assessment of subgrade settlement in soil-rock mixtures using intelligent compaction

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Xuefei Wang,
  • Side Chen,
  • Zheyuan Xu,
  • Guowei Ma,
  • Jiale Li

摘要

This study conducts a series of vibratory compaction tests on soil-rock mixture fillers, focusing on how rock size and content influence settlement. Using models and parameters validated by unconfined compression tests and numerical simulations, a surface vibration compaction model was developed to monitor real-time settlement. Results show that final settlement decreases with increasing rock size and content. PFC3D simulations reveal void ratio variations during compaction, which correlate closely with settlement and overall compaction quality. Notably, the settlement at the compacted state follows the same trend as final settlement when rock size and content vary. The study also finds that simulated final settlement is inversely proportional to excitation frequency and directly proportional to rock content. A parameter sensitivity analysis highlights the roles of soil-rock ratio and excitation frequency, leading to a settlement prediction model. Field validation confirms the model’s high accuracy in estimating compaction quality from settlement data.