<p>Tanzania’s agricultural sector is vital to the national economy and rural livelihoods but faces significant challenges, which in most cases, hinder productivity and youth employment. The sector has strong potential for youth employment, as it provides opportunities across multiple generations. However, high youth unemployment is likely to be linked to the sector’s limited transformation and structural challenges within the broader economy. On that basis, it was imperative to systematically assess and itemize the specific challenges hindering the sector’s contribution to employment and devise a plan and strategies to address those challenges. Using a Boolean search, a systematic review of 69 articles, published between the year 2005 and 2025, from the Web of Science and Scopus was conducted using the keywords (“Tanzania” OR “United Republic of Tanzania”) AND (agricultur* OR agribusiness OR “agricultural value chain”) AND (youth OR “young people”) AND (employ OR livelihood OR “create job”) AND (challeng* OR barriers OR constraints OR transform). The search was limited to the title, abstract, and keywords, and the review involved: records identified through database searching (520); records after duplicates were removed (360); records screened (360); records excluded (200); full-text articles assessed for eligibility (160); full-text articles excluded with reasons (91); and finally, 69 articles were selected for the review. The findings exhibit that agriculture presents substantial opportunities for youth employment across the value chain from production to processing, marketing, and digital services. However, youth participation remains constrained by limited access to land, finance, skills, agricultural extension services, climate change impacts, and markets. Similarly, the structural transformation remains slow due to limited manufacturing growth and insufficient agro-processing development. Fortunately, the review also identified some opportunities which can be harnessed for the development of the sector. Some of these include; agricultural innovation, agribusiness development, and inclusive policy frameworks. The study synthesizes insights from research and development programs to propose a framework that focuses on multi-stakeholder collaboration, climate-resilient practices, and youth-centered interventions. These findings inform strategies for addressing agricultural constraints and promoting sustainable youth employment, contributing to broader socio-economic resilience and inclusive growth in Tanzania.</p>