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<p>Floods and droughts are the most damaging and costly water-related hazards globally, and their frequency and severity are accelerating under changing climatic conditions. Despite decades of investment in risk reduction, the economic and human toll from extreme weather events continues to rise, particularly in regions with limited adaptive capacity. This perspective examines the evolving landscape of flood and drought risk management in the most affected areas, notably South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Drawing on recent literature, it traces how climate change is reshaping the spatial and temporal distribution of water-related hazards, creating compound and cascading risks that exceed the capacity of conventional management. The analysis evaluates the effectiveness of integrated water resource management frameworks, nature-based solutions, early warning systems, and adaptive governance structures in addressing these emerging challenges. Evidence suggests that siloed approaches to flood and drought management are increasingly inadequate, and that transformative governance models that address the full hydroclimatic spectrum offer a more promising path. Three findings stand out in this study. Risk is escalating fastest where physical exposure and socioeconomic vulnerability coincide, conventional single hazard and historically calibrated systems are increasingly overwhelmed by compound and unprecedented events, and integrated early warning, nature-based solutions, and adaptive cross-sectoral governance together offer the most credible levers for resilience. In contrast to assessments that treat floods or droughts in isolation or focus on a single region, the distinct contribution of this perspective is to synthesize this evidence across the full hydroclimatic spectrum and the most affected regions within an integrated governance argument. This perspective concludes that bridging the gap between scientific knowledge and institutional action remains the central challenge in reducing flood and drought impacts in a rapidly changing world.</p>

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Flood and drought risk management across the hydroclimatic spectrum in the most affected regions under changing water resources conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Hamza Omar Ali,
  • Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed

摘要

Floods and droughts are the most damaging and costly water-related hazards globally, and their frequency and severity are accelerating under changing climatic conditions. Despite decades of investment in risk reduction, the economic and human toll from extreme weather events continues to rise, particularly in regions with limited adaptive capacity. This perspective examines the evolving landscape of flood and drought risk management in the most affected areas, notably South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Drawing on recent literature, it traces how climate change is reshaping the spatial and temporal distribution of water-related hazards, creating compound and cascading risks that exceed the capacity of conventional management. The analysis evaluates the effectiveness of integrated water resource management frameworks, nature-based solutions, early warning systems, and adaptive governance structures in addressing these emerging challenges. Evidence suggests that siloed approaches to flood and drought management are increasingly inadequate, and that transformative governance models that address the full hydroclimatic spectrum offer a more promising path. Three findings stand out in this study. Risk is escalating fastest where physical exposure and socioeconomic vulnerability coincide, conventional single hazard and historically calibrated systems are increasingly overwhelmed by compound and unprecedented events, and integrated early warning, nature-based solutions, and adaptive cross-sectoral governance together offer the most credible levers for resilience. In contrast to assessments that treat floods or droughts in isolation or focus on a single region, the distinct contribution of this perspective is to synthesize this evidence across the full hydroclimatic spectrum and the most affected regions within an integrated governance argument. This perspective concludes that bridging the gap between scientific knowledge and institutional action remains the central challenge in reducing flood and drought impacts in a rapidly changing world.