Scholarlink

<p>This study evaluates the hydrochemical characteristics and overall suitability of groundwater in Nalanda district, Southern Bihar, India. Forty-one groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 14 physio-chemical parameters including pH, EC, TDS, hardness, major ions, fluoride, nitrate, and phosphate. The data were compared against the WHO and BIS standards and further interpreted using water quality index, correlation matrix, Principal component analysis (PCA), Piper, Wilcox, and USS diagrams. Results have revealed that groundwater is general hard to very hard, dominated by bicarbonate-type (HCO<sub>3</sub>ˉ) facies, primarily Na-HCO<sub>3</sub>ˉ and mixed CaHCO<sub>3</sub>Na types. Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 2.4&#xa0;mg/L, with a mean value of 1.6&#xa0;mg/L; more than 54% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit for drinking water. Whereas phosphate showed an average of 0.06&#xa0;mg/L, with elevated levels observed in about 12% samples. According to the Wilcox diagram, 26.83% of the samples are classified as excellent to good, 17.07% are doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation. The PCA has identified four main factors governing groundwater chemistry and influenced by rock-water interaction and anthropogenic inputs. The USSL plot indicates predominance of high salinity, with low to medium sodium hazards. According to the WQI results, only 2.44% of the samples are of fair quality, whereas 21.95% are unsuitable for drinking. These findings indicate a significant deterioration of groundwater quality. It has revealed the urgent need for effective groundwater management and mitigation measures to ensure the sustainable water resource use in the study area.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using water quality index and statistical analysis in Nalanda district, South Bihar, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

查看全文
  • Somvir Singh,
  • N. C. Mondal,
  • Surendra Kaur Rawal

摘要

This study evaluates the hydrochemical characteristics and overall suitability of groundwater in Nalanda district, Southern Bihar, India. Forty-one groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 14 physio-chemical parameters including pH, EC, TDS, hardness, major ions, fluoride, nitrate, and phosphate. The data were compared against the WHO and BIS standards and further interpreted using water quality index, correlation matrix, Principal component analysis (PCA), Piper, Wilcox, and USS diagrams. Results have revealed that groundwater is general hard to very hard, dominated by bicarbonate-type (HCO3ˉ) facies, primarily Na-HCO3ˉ and mixed CaHCO3Na types. Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 2.4 mg/L, with a mean value of 1.6 mg/L; more than 54% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit for drinking water. Whereas phosphate showed an average of 0.06 mg/L, with elevated levels observed in about 12% samples. According to the Wilcox diagram, 26.83% of the samples are classified as excellent to good, 17.07% are doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation. The PCA has identified four main factors governing groundwater chemistry and influenced by rock-water interaction and anthropogenic inputs. The USSL plot indicates predominance of high salinity, with low to medium sodium hazards. According to the WQI results, only 2.44% of the samples are of fair quality, whereas 21.95% are unsuitable for drinking. These findings indicate a significant deterioration of groundwater quality. It has revealed the urgent need for effective groundwater management and mitigation measures to ensure the sustainable water resource use in the study area.