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<p>Anaerobic digestion of organic waste materials is a promising technology for renewable energy production and sustainable waste management, particularly in resource-limited rural contexts. This study investigates methane production from kitchen waste and cow manure under mono-digestion and co-digestion conditions at ambient-temperature (22–24&#xa0;°C) in rural Arunachal Pradesh (India) over a 27-day experimental period. The analysis focuses on the effect of substrate ratio on process performance and stability, evaluated through cumulative biogas production and pH evolution. Co-digestion significantly enhanced methane production, with increases of 53.0% compared to kitchen waste alone and 102.3% compared to cow manure alone. The optimal substrate ratio was identified as 3:1, yielding the highest cumulative biogas production, while the 1:1 ratio exhibited the highest methane concentration. Mono-digestion of both substrates produced biogas with lower methane concentrations and higher carbon dioxide fractions. During the observation period, pH levels shifted from an initial basic condition (pH 7.50) to an acidic phase (pH 4.70), before returning to a near-neutral to slightly alkaline range (pH 7.80), indicating the dynamic progression of anaerobic digestion. These pH variations were associated with changes in methane production and overall process stability throughout the digestion period. The results demonstrate that substrate ratio is a critical control parameter in anaerobic co-digestion under ambient conditions, with important implications for optimizing methane production and maintaining process stability. The findings support the potential application of co-digestion strategies for decentralized energy generation and improved organic waste management in rural and resource-limited settings.</p>

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Effects of substrate ratio on methane production and pH dynamics in anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and cow manure

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Tado Gyadi,
  • Ajay Bharti,
  • Sudip Basack,
  • Pradeep Kumar,
  • Elena Lucchi

摘要

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste materials is a promising technology for renewable energy production and sustainable waste management, particularly in resource-limited rural contexts. This study investigates methane production from kitchen waste and cow manure under mono-digestion and co-digestion conditions at ambient-temperature (22–24 °C) in rural Arunachal Pradesh (India) over a 27-day experimental period. The analysis focuses on the effect of substrate ratio on process performance and stability, evaluated through cumulative biogas production and pH evolution. Co-digestion significantly enhanced methane production, with increases of 53.0% compared to kitchen waste alone and 102.3% compared to cow manure alone. The optimal substrate ratio was identified as 3:1, yielding the highest cumulative biogas production, while the 1:1 ratio exhibited the highest methane concentration. Mono-digestion of both substrates produced biogas with lower methane concentrations and higher carbon dioxide fractions. During the observation period, pH levels shifted from an initial basic condition (pH 7.50) to an acidic phase (pH 4.70), before returning to a near-neutral to slightly alkaline range (pH 7.80), indicating the dynamic progression of anaerobic digestion. These pH variations were associated with changes in methane production and overall process stability throughout the digestion period. The results demonstrate that substrate ratio is a critical control parameter in anaerobic co-digestion under ambient conditions, with important implications for optimizing methane production and maintaining process stability. The findings support the potential application of co-digestion strategies for decentralized energy generation and improved organic waste management in rural and resource-limited settings.