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<p>The combustion of fossil fuels associated with energy production and transportation remains a major contributor to global environmental degradation. In India, rapid urbanization and economic growth have significantly increased transport-sector CO2 emissions due to the rising demand for transportation services. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of public private partnership investment (PPPI), environmental-related technology, renewable energy, and economic policy uncertainty on transport-sector CO2 emissions in India from 2003Q1-2021Q4. The study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach, FMOLS estimation, and VECM Granger causality analysis to examine long-run and causal relationships among the variables. The empirical findings confirm the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The results reveal that PPPI and economic policy uncertainty increase transport-sector CO2 emissions, whereas renewable energy reduces emissions. Environmental-related technology shows a negative but statistically insignificant impact on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the VECM Granger-causality results indicate both short- and long-run causal relationships among the variables. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable PPP investment policies, renewable energy adoption, and stable environmental policies to support sustainable transport development in India.</p>

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Public–private partnership investments and the sustainability of India’s transport sector

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Yeliyya Kolati,
  • Chandrashekar Raghutla

摘要

The combustion of fossil fuels associated with energy production and transportation remains a major contributor to global environmental degradation. In India, rapid urbanization and economic growth have significantly increased transport-sector CO2 emissions due to the rising demand for transportation services. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of public private partnership investment (PPPI), environmental-related technology, renewable energy, and economic policy uncertainty on transport-sector CO2 emissions in India from 2003Q1-2021Q4. The study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach, FMOLS estimation, and VECM Granger causality analysis to examine long-run and causal relationships among the variables. The empirical findings confirm the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The results reveal that PPPI and economic policy uncertainty increase transport-sector CO2 emissions, whereas renewable energy reduces emissions. Environmental-related technology shows a negative but statistically insignificant impact on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the VECM Granger-causality results indicate both short- and long-run causal relationships among the variables. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable PPP investment policies, renewable energy adoption, and stable environmental policies to support sustainable transport development in India.