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<p>An anaerobic digestion (AD) unit was designed to treat slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) at the rate of 30&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>/d. The stabilized slaughterhouse effluent was evaluated for its impact on the productivity of maize [<i>Zea mays</i> (L.)]. The methods used included, the daily quantification of SWW and sample collection (n = 3) for the analysis of physicochemical parameters [pH, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus (TP), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biological oxygen demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>), chemical oxygen demand (COD), potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total suspended solids, total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS)] and parasites using standard methods. The influent SWW exceeded the Cameroonian and WHO regulations for parameters like electrical conductivity (3460 ± 1678.16&#xa0;mS/cm), TKN (101.37 ± 16.03&#xa0;mg/L), TP (97.6 ± 25.10&#xa0;mg/L), COD (2.94 ± 0.96&#xa0;mgO<sub>2</sub>/L), BOD<sub>5</sub> (901 ± 0.45&#xa0;mgO<sub>2</sub>/L) and helminth eggs. The main sizing parameters obtained for a fixed dome anaerobic digestion were 30&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>, 4.34%, 900&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>, 1.38&#xa0;kgVS/m<sup>3</sup>/day, 0.018&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup> biogas/m<sup>3</sup>reactor/day, 0.013&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>biogas/kg VS fed material respectively for slaughterhouse influent per day, influent TS, hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, gas production rate and specific gas production. SWW was stabilized and applied in five agronomical experiments, T0: 100% distilled water (absolute control); T1: 75% absolute control + 25% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent, T2: 50% absolute control + 50% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent; T3: 25% absolute control + 75% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent; T4: 100% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent. The treatment dose of 100% stabilized slaughterhouse effluents yielded the best agronomical results six weeks after seeding, which included 10.66, 14.35&#xa0;g, 3.13&#xa0;g, 88.91&#xa0;cm<sup>2</sup>, 13.33&#xa0;cm respectively for the number of leaves, the weight of fresh matter, the weight of dry matter, leaf area and plant height respectively. Stabilized slaughterhouse effluents should be spread to the farmland after the germination phase in order to avoid osmotic effects, corresponding to the mobilization and depletion of starch reserves (polysaccharides) following by the emergence of roots and small vegetative stems. AD technology for the treatment of SWW is advantageous to provide not only the energy but also the digestate for agricultural use. However, technologies for the sanitation of the digestate to prevent potential adverse health impacts should be pursued.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Anaerobic digestion technology for the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater and its fertilizer potential on Zea mays (L.) under tropical conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Wilfried Arsène Letah Nzouebet,
  • Guy Valérie Djumyom Wafo,
  • Mohammadou Sali,
  • Parfait Kouamé Koffi,
  • Charles Buregeya Niwagaba

摘要

An anaerobic digestion (AD) unit was designed to treat slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) at the rate of 30 m3/d. The stabilized slaughterhouse effluent was evaluated for its impact on the productivity of maize [Zea mays (L.)]. The methods used included, the daily quantification of SWW and sample collection (n = 3) for the analysis of physicochemical parameters [pH, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus (TP), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total suspended solids, total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS)] and parasites using standard methods. The influent SWW exceeded the Cameroonian and WHO regulations for parameters like electrical conductivity (3460 ± 1678.16 mS/cm), TKN (101.37 ± 16.03 mg/L), TP (97.6 ± 25.10 mg/L), COD (2.94 ± 0.96 mgO2/L), BOD5 (901 ± 0.45 mgO2/L) and helminth eggs. The main sizing parameters obtained for a fixed dome anaerobic digestion were 30 m3, 4.34%, 900 m3, 1.38 kgVS/m3/day, 0.018 m3 biogas/m3reactor/day, 0.013 m3biogas/kg VS fed material respectively for slaughterhouse influent per day, influent TS, hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, gas production rate and specific gas production. SWW was stabilized and applied in five agronomical experiments, T0: 100% distilled water (absolute control); T1: 75% absolute control + 25% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent, T2: 50% absolute control + 50% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent; T3: 25% absolute control + 75% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent; T4: 100% stabilized slaughterhouse effluent. The treatment dose of 100% stabilized slaughterhouse effluents yielded the best agronomical results six weeks after seeding, which included 10.66, 14.35 g, 3.13 g, 88.91 cm2, 13.33 cm respectively for the number of leaves, the weight of fresh matter, the weight of dry matter, leaf area and plant height respectively. Stabilized slaughterhouse effluents should be spread to the farmland after the germination phase in order to avoid osmotic effects, corresponding to the mobilization and depletion of starch reserves (polysaccharides) following by the emergence of roots and small vegetative stems. AD technology for the treatment of SWW is advantageous to provide not only the energy but also the digestate for agricultural use. However, technologies for the sanitation of the digestate to prevent potential adverse health impacts should be pursued.

Graphical Abstract