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<p>How does the health cost of air pollution in China compare to the health benefits of income growth? Using each city's historical concentration of industries, the nationwide industry-specific growth in trade following China's accession to the WTO, and the nationwide industry-specific pollution intensity, we construct two shocks—an income shock and a pollution shock—and use them as instruments for income and air pollution. Our findings reveal that income growth and air pollution affect different dimensions of health. While air pollution increases the likelihood of hypertension and obesity, income growth improves almost every other health outcome. Additionally, we investigate the extent of cross-city spillovers for income and pollution shocks. The results indicate that the effective range at which the pollution shock influences aerosol optical depth is approximately 400&#xa0;km, whereas the effective range at which the income shock impacts annual per-capita household consumption is roughly 100&#xa0;km.</p>

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Effects of China’s air pollution and income growth on health outcomes among older adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Zheming Liang,
  • Zhe Yang,
  • Lijuan Yin

摘要

How does the health cost of air pollution in China compare to the health benefits of income growth? Using each city's historical concentration of industries, the nationwide industry-specific growth in trade following China's accession to the WTO, and the nationwide industry-specific pollution intensity, we construct two shocks—an income shock and a pollution shock—and use them as instruments for income and air pollution. Our findings reveal that income growth and air pollution affect different dimensions of health. While air pollution increases the likelihood of hypertension and obesity, income growth improves almost every other health outcome. Additionally, we investigate the extent of cross-city spillovers for income and pollution shocks. The results indicate that the effective range at which the pollution shock influences aerosol optical depth is approximately 400 km, whereas the effective range at which the income shock impacts annual per-capita household consumption is roughly 100 km.