Regulatory barriers to opioid analgesic access in Kazakhstan
摘要
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory framework and administrative procedures affecting the availability of opioid analgesics for palliative care patients in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on an examination of national legislation, subordinate regulations, and their implementation in medical and pharmaceutical organizations, the study identifies key regulatory barriers: mandatory use of paper prescription forms of strict accountability, a limited network of pharmacies licensed to dispense controlled medicines, duplication of procedures for authorizing medical personnel, and burdensome interagency paper-based correspondence. Special attention is paid to inconsistencies between existing legal provisions and their practical implementation. These inconsistencies lead to delays in providing patients with adequate pain relief and reduce the effectiveness of palliative care. The article proposes directions for improving the regulatory framework and administrative procedures in the context of ongoing digitalization of the healthcare system.