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<p>Agricultural waste treatment faces challenges in mitigating NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and toxic metal bioavailability. This study develops a sustainable strategy by oxidizing coal tailings via Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysis at 250&#xa0;°C, generating ultramicropores and oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs). As a result, the modified material exhibits an NH<sub>3</sub> adsorption capacity of 56.80&#xa0;mg·g<sup>−1</sup>, representing a 16-fold enhancement&#xa0;and a Cu adsorption capacity of 33.29&#xa0;mg·g<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to a threefold increase after NH<sub>3</sub> exposure. Mechanistically, NH<sub>3</sub> interacts with surface OCFGs through acid–base reactions and amide formation, while Cu is subsequently stabilized via coordination with amide groups. This exothermic catalytic process produces&#xa0;lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions&#xa0;than non-catalyzed oxidation and releases reusable heat. Applied at 20% in swine manure, the material reduced NH<sub>3</sub> emissions by 64.89%, and Cu/Zn bioavailability by 57.82% and 48.50%, respectively. Overall, this work demonstrates an integrated and cost-effective route for nutrient recovery and heavy metal stabilization, supporting circular agriculture with estimated economic savings of $425–$1700 per ton compared with commercial activated carbon.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Interface-activated coal tailings for coupled ammonia adsorption and potentially toxic metal complexation via Ag/TiO2 catalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Jing Hu,
  • Bing Han,
  • Clayton Butterly,
  • Ji-Zheng He,
  • Deli Chen

摘要

Agricultural waste treatment faces challenges in mitigating NH3 emissions and toxic metal bioavailability. This study develops a sustainable strategy by oxidizing coal tailings via Ag/TiO2 catalysis at 250 °C, generating ultramicropores and oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs). As a result, the modified material exhibits an NH3 adsorption capacity of 56.80 mg·g−1, representing a 16-fold enhancement and a Cu adsorption capacity of 33.29 mg·g−1, corresponding to a threefold increase after NH3 exposure. Mechanistically, NH3 interacts with surface OCFGs through acid–base reactions and amide formation, while Cu is subsequently stabilized via coordination with amide groups. This exothermic catalytic process produces lower CO2 emissions than non-catalyzed oxidation and releases reusable heat. Applied at 20% in swine manure, the material reduced NH3 emissions by 64.89%, and Cu/Zn bioavailability by 57.82% and 48.50%, respectively. Overall, this work demonstrates an integrated and cost-effective route for nutrient recovery and heavy metal stabilization, supporting circular agriculture with estimated economic savings of $425–$1700 per ton compared with commercial activated carbon.

Graphical Abstract