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<p>Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant research interest for environmental monitoring applications thanks to their cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Using eco-friendly biowastes as precursors for CDs production offers an alternative to expensive and unsustainable inorganic and chemically synthesized CDs. This study presents the findings regarding the successful synthesis of biomass-based nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) via a rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted method. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glycine were used as carbon precursors and nitrogen dopants for the first time. The N-CDs exhibited a moderately high quantum yield of 31.6 ± 1.5% with an optimal fluorescence excitation wavelength of 400 nm. FTIR, CHNS, and SEM–EDX analyses characterized the N-CDs' surface functional groups and elemental composition. The optical stability of the N-CDs was validated across varying pH levels and NaCl concentrations. The N-CDs displayed notable selectivity and sensitivity for Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺, Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺, and Hg<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions. The primary quenching mechanisms involve electrostatic interactions, π–π interactions, inner filter effects, and energy transfer. <i>Stern–Volmer</i> analysis revealed strong linear quenching for Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺, Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺, and Hg<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions within the 0–10 µM range concentrations, with detection limits (LOD) of 6.0 µM, 1.41 µM and 1.36 µM for Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺, Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺, and Hg<sup>2</sup>⁺, respectively. The fluorescence quenching for Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺ ions enhanced sensitivity at higher concentrations, while selectivity decreased at lower concentrations. These findings highlight the potential of these N-CDs as a cost-effective and sustainable tool for environmental monitoring, offering a promising approach to addressing critical water contamination issues.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Microwave-assisted synthesis of biomass-derived N-doped carbon dots for metal ion sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月22日

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  • Mehedi Hasan,
  • Balachandran Baheerathan,
  • Shrikanta Sutradhar,
  • Ronak Shahbandinejad,
  • Sudip Rakshit,
  • Janusz Kozinski,
  • Dongbing Li,
  • Yulin Hu,
  • Kang Kang

摘要

Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant research interest for environmental monitoring applications thanks to their cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Using eco-friendly biowastes as precursors for CDs production offers an alternative to expensive and unsustainable inorganic and chemically synthesized CDs. This study presents the findings regarding the successful synthesis of biomass-based nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) via a rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted method. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glycine were used as carbon precursors and nitrogen dopants for the first time. The N-CDs exhibited a moderately high quantum yield of 31.6 ± 1.5% with an optimal fluorescence excitation wavelength of 400 nm. FTIR, CHNS, and SEM–EDX analyses characterized the N-CDs' surface functional groups and elemental composition. The optical stability of the N-CDs was validated across varying pH levels and NaCl concentrations. The N-CDs displayed notable selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3⁺, Cu2⁺, and Hg2⁺ ions. The primary quenching mechanisms involve electrostatic interactions, π–π interactions, inner filter effects, and energy transfer. Stern–Volmer analysis revealed strong linear quenching for Fe3⁺, Cu2⁺, and Hg2⁺ ions within the 0–10 µM range concentrations, with detection limits (LOD) of 6.0 µM, 1.41 µM and 1.36 µM for Fe3⁺, Cu2⁺, and Hg2⁺, respectively. The fluorescence quenching for Fe3⁺ ions enhanced sensitivity at higher concentrations, while selectivity decreased at lower concentrations. These findings highlight the potential of these N-CDs as a cost-effective and sustainable tool for environmental monitoring, offering a promising approach to addressing critical water contamination issues.

Graphical Abstract