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<p>Accumulation of allelochemicals in agricultural soils results in severe obstacles to continuous cropping and poses a notable challenge to global food security. The ginsenosides released into the rhizosphere soil as root secretion or during the degradation of plant residues exhibit autotoxic effects to plants and facilitate the proliferation of root rot bacteria. This study proposes that biochar can be used to alter the electron transfer processes in soil to create a unique “charosphere”, which is beneficial for ginsenoside Rb1 removal in soils planted with <i>Panax notoginseng</i>. Biochars were also intentionally modified to enhance their electron transfer properties in charosphere soil. The introduction of biochars activated electro-nutrient microorganisms such as <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i>. However, the abundance of major pathogens of <i>Panax notoginseng</i>, including <i>Fusarium spp</i>., <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Sarocladium</i> was reduced by 3.77%–4.79% in Soil-2 and 9.08–17.18% in Soil-3 after applying modified biochars by KHB<sub>4</sub> in soils with different years of planting <i>P. notoginseng</i>. Modified biochar also exhibited superior effectiveness in promoting ginsenoside Rb1 chemisorption and biodegradation, and enhancing microbial community diversity, compared to unmodified biochar. This was attributed to the electron-rich (orbital) high-energy alkyne bonds introduced by KHB<sub>4</sub> modification, which improved the capacitance values of the biochar by 14.62–316.2 μF/cm<sup>2</sup>. Meanwhile, KBH<sub>4</sub>-modification reduces the diffusion impedance layer on biochar surface and the charge transfer resistance inside the biochar matrix. The chemical structures containing π-electron may be the dominant biochar composition to stimulate the growth of electro-nutrient microorganisms and accelerate ginsenoside Rb1 degradation. Our study suggests that alterations in electron transfer processes within the charosphere through the application of biochar regulate the microbiome community structure in the soil. This regulation has the potential to mitigate continuous-cropping disorders in agricultural soils.&#xa0;</p>

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Increased removal of ginsenoside Rb1 through the application of capacitance-enhanced biochars in soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月21日

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  • Shunling Li,
  • Xuemei Wang,
  • Weiheng Qin,
  • Min Wu,
  • Bo Pan,
  • Christian Stainberg

摘要

Accumulation of allelochemicals in agricultural soils results in severe obstacles to continuous cropping and poses a notable challenge to global food security. The ginsenosides released into the rhizosphere soil as root secretion or during the degradation of plant residues exhibit autotoxic effects to plants and facilitate the proliferation of root rot bacteria. This study proposes that biochar can be used to alter the electron transfer processes in soil to create a unique “charosphere”, which is beneficial for ginsenoside Rb1 removal in soils planted with Panax notoginseng. Biochars were also intentionally modified to enhance their electron transfer properties in charosphere soil. The introduction of biochars activated electro-nutrient microorganisms such as Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. However, the abundance of major pathogens of Panax notoginseng, including Fusarium spp., Alternaria, and Sarocladium was reduced by 3.77%–4.79% in Soil-2 and 9.08–17.18% in Soil-3 after applying modified biochars by KHB4 in soils with different years of planting P. notoginseng. Modified biochar also exhibited superior effectiveness in promoting ginsenoside Rb1 chemisorption and biodegradation, and enhancing microbial community diversity, compared to unmodified biochar. This was attributed to the electron-rich (orbital) high-energy alkyne bonds introduced by KHB4 modification, which improved the capacitance values of the biochar by 14.62–316.2 μF/cm2. Meanwhile, KBH4-modification reduces the diffusion impedance layer on biochar surface and the charge transfer resistance inside the biochar matrix. The chemical structures containing π-electron may be the dominant biochar composition to stimulate the growth of electro-nutrient microorganisms and accelerate ginsenoside Rb1 degradation. Our study suggests that alterations in electron transfer processes within the charosphere through the application of biochar regulate the microbiome community structure in the soil. This regulation has the potential to mitigate continuous-cropping disorders in agricultural soils.