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<p>The global push toward cleaner energy has spotlighted biodiesel as a renewable alternative to fossil diesel due to its reduced carbon footprint and biodegradability. However, its adoption faces hurdles like lower energy density, increased viscosity, and higher NOx emissions, which affect engine performance and durability. To address these limitations, this study investigates the application of tungsten carbide (TC) ceramic coatings on key diesel engine components operating with various biodiesel blends. The objective is to assess how these coatings influence brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), emissions, and combustion behavior. Using a single-cylinder diesel engine and high-velocity oxy-fuel coating methods, tests were conducted across multiple biodiesel blend ratios (B20, B50, B100) and engine loads. Results showed that TC coatings improved BTE by up to 3.5% and reduced BSFC by 5%, while significantly lowering CO and HC emissions by up to 12%. Importantly, the coatings mitigated NOx emissions by up to 5%, and enhanced combustion through increased in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. These findings demonstrate the viability of TC coatings in enhancing biodiesel engine performance while addressing emission concerns. Future research should explore long-term coating durability and integration with advanced combustion strategies to further support sustainable engine technologies.</p>

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Enhancing biodiesel engine efficiency through tungsten carbide ceramic coatings: a performance and emission optimization study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy,
  • Deekshant Varshney,
  • Subhav Singh,
  • Deepika Gabiriel

摘要

The global push toward cleaner energy has spotlighted biodiesel as a renewable alternative to fossil diesel due to its reduced carbon footprint and biodegradability. However, its adoption faces hurdles like lower energy density, increased viscosity, and higher NOx emissions, which affect engine performance and durability. To address these limitations, this study investigates the application of tungsten carbide (TC) ceramic coatings on key diesel engine components operating with various biodiesel blends. The objective is to assess how these coatings influence brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), emissions, and combustion behavior. Using a single-cylinder diesel engine and high-velocity oxy-fuel coating methods, tests were conducted across multiple biodiesel blend ratios (B20, B50, B100) and engine loads. Results showed that TC coatings improved BTE by up to 3.5% and reduced BSFC by 5%, while significantly lowering CO and HC emissions by up to 12%. Importantly, the coatings mitigated NOx emissions by up to 5%, and enhanced combustion through increased in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. These findings demonstrate the viability of TC coatings in enhancing biodiesel engine performance while addressing emission concerns. Future research should explore long-term coating durability and integration with advanced combustion strategies to further support sustainable engine technologies.