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<p>Conventional additive manufacturing relies on precomputed toolpaths and assumes stable material and environmental conditions, limiting its capacity to adapt during fabrication. This study introduces Responsive Discrete Deposition Modelling (R-DDM), a fabrication framework that replaces continuous extrusion with bead-scale deposition recalculated during fabrication through environmental sensing and agent-based decision-making. R-DDM formalises a closed sensing–response–action loop in which each material placement responds to live input, demonstrated here through light-seeking behaviours inspired by phototropism. A calibration study supports precise dosage control, while a parallel simulation environment enables behavioural definition and preliminary outcome exploration. Physical experiments show that branching, merging, and hybrid trajectories can be reliably produced without predefined geometry, and exhibit strong correspondence with simulation. By structuring fabrication as a sequence of local, stimulus-informed actions, R-DDM enables adaptive material organisation and offers a model for situated, environment-aware construction systems, particularly relevant for unstructured or variable contexts where standard toolpath logic fails.</p>

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Responsive discrete deposition modelling for environment-situated additive manufacturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Lucas Helle,
  • Joseph Naguib,
  • Roberto Naboni

摘要

Conventional additive manufacturing relies on precomputed toolpaths and assumes stable material and environmental conditions, limiting its capacity to adapt during fabrication. This study introduces Responsive Discrete Deposition Modelling (R-DDM), a fabrication framework that replaces continuous extrusion with bead-scale deposition recalculated during fabrication through environmental sensing and agent-based decision-making. R-DDM formalises a closed sensing–response–action loop in which each material placement responds to live input, demonstrated here through light-seeking behaviours inspired by phototropism. A calibration study supports precise dosage control, while a parallel simulation environment enables behavioural definition and preliminary outcome exploration. Physical experiments show that branching, merging, and hybrid trajectories can be reliably produced without predefined geometry, and exhibit strong correspondence with simulation. By structuring fabrication as a sequence of local, stimulus-informed actions, R-DDM enables adaptive material organisation and offers a model for situated, environment-aware construction systems, particularly relevant for unstructured or variable contexts where standard toolpath logic fails.