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<p>The concurrent detection of heavy metal ions in environmental and industrial samples is essential for effective monitoring and pollution control. This study presents a zinc oxide nanorods (ZnONRs)-modified gold thin film electrode, fabricated via nanoimprint lithography (NIL), for electrochemical detection of cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) and copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) ions. The NIL technique enables the creation of different nanostructures in different patterns with enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio, improving electrochemical performance. ZnONRs modification increases active sensing sites and promotes efficient electron transfer. The developed electrode demonstrates detection limits of 2.45 µM for Cd<sup>2+</sup> and 1.5 µM for Cu<sup>2+</sup> using cyclic voltammetry, along with good reproducibility and stable sensing behavior.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Zinc oxide nanorods modified thin film gold electrode designed by nanoimprint lithography technique for simultaneous electrochemical determination of two heavy metal ions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Nongmaithem Herojit Singh,
  • Rakesh Singh Moirangthem,
  • N. Mohondas Singh

摘要

The concurrent detection of heavy metal ions in environmental and industrial samples is essential for effective monitoring and pollution control. This study presents a zinc oxide nanorods (ZnONRs)-modified gold thin film electrode, fabricated via nanoimprint lithography (NIL), for electrochemical detection of cadmium (Cd2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions. The NIL technique enables the creation of different nanostructures in different patterns with enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio, improving electrochemical performance. ZnONRs modification increases active sensing sites and promotes efficient electron transfer. The developed electrode demonstrates detection limits of 2.45 µM for Cd2+ and 1.5 µM for Cu2+ using cyclic voltammetry, along with good reproducibility and stable sensing behavior.

Graphical abstract