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<p>“Liquid gold” has been traditionally used for over a century to decorate ceramicware, but its chemical composition has not been thoroughly investigated. One of the keys to successfully characterizing liquid gold, which is a complex mixture, is to distinguish Au-containing products from other chemicals. In this paper, we propose a separation based on the difference in collision cross section, of which chemicals with heavy atoms are relatively smaller than those without in ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Chemicals containing a single Au atom (and Pt atom) were successfully separated from other species in the two-dimensional distribution map for IM-MS. By a detailed analysis of the spectra obtained by IM-MS/MS with collision-induced dissociation before and after IM separation, we found that liquid gold (gold resinate) was a mixture of a series of (1) Au reacted with α-pinene-related units and (2) Au reacted with abietic acid units. α-Pinene and abietic acid are the main components of turpentine and rosin, the raw materials of liquid gold as reported previously (<i>Anal. Sci.</i> <b>2024</b>, <i>40</i>, 133–139). All Au-containing species contain sulfur atoms. Species of Au reacted with α-pinene-related units with different degrees of unsaturation and oxidation have also been identified. Liquid gold, a complex mixture of chemicals containing Au, has been successfully analyzed compositionally.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Compositional analysis of traditional liquid gold with separation of compounds containing heavy atoms in ion mobility-mass spectrometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月8日

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  • Yoshihide Maeno,
  • Takei Onoue,
  • Yoshinori Iiguni,
  • Hajime Ohtani,
  • Shinya Kitagawa

摘要

“Liquid gold” has been traditionally used for over a century to decorate ceramicware, but its chemical composition has not been thoroughly investigated. One of the keys to successfully characterizing liquid gold, which is a complex mixture, is to distinguish Au-containing products from other chemicals. In this paper, we propose a separation based on the difference in collision cross section, of which chemicals with heavy atoms are relatively smaller than those without in ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Chemicals containing a single Au atom (and Pt atom) were successfully separated from other species in the two-dimensional distribution map for IM-MS. By a detailed analysis of the spectra obtained by IM-MS/MS with collision-induced dissociation before and after IM separation, we found that liquid gold (gold resinate) was a mixture of a series of (1) Au reacted with α-pinene-related units and (2) Au reacted with abietic acid units. α-Pinene and abietic acid are the main components of turpentine and rosin, the raw materials of liquid gold as reported previously (Anal. Sci. 2024, 40, 133–139). All Au-containing species contain sulfur atoms. Species of Au reacted with α-pinene-related units with different degrees of unsaturation and oxidation have also been identified. Liquid gold, a complex mixture of chemicals containing Au, has been successfully analyzed compositionally.

Graphical abstract