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Background <p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Evidence suggests a markedly elevated burden of depression among women with PCOS; however, context-specific data from South Asia, particularly Bangladesh, remain limited. This study assessed the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of depression among young Bangladeshi women diagnosed with PCOS.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between December 2024 and July 2025 among 417 women aged 18–30&#xa0;years with clinically diagnosed PCOS across Bangladesh. Participants were recruited from gynecology and endocrinology clinics, digital health, and online PCOS support platforms using a combined purposive and convenience-based voluntary sampling approach. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and total scores were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptom levels. The PHQ-9 was used exclusively to assess depressive symptoms. Psychosocial variables including body image dissatisfaction, perceived family and social support, fertility concerns, and stress related to PCOS symptoms were assessed separately using structured questionnaire items developed based on relevant literature. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed, with associations reported using adjusted odds ratios (aORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and <i>p</i>-values.</p> Results <p>Nearly two-thirds of participants (67.4%) experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Moderate depression was most common (36.0%), followed by mild (32.6%) and severe symptoms (31.4%). After adjustment, longer PCOS duration (&gt; 2&#xa0;years; aOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.08–2.01, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), menstrual irregularity (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.34–3.32, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and fertility concerns (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.72–4.79, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with depression. Body image dissatisfaction (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.48, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and adequate perceived social support (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.51, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) showed significant protective associations against depression.</p> Conclusion <p>Depression is highly prevalent among young women with PCOS in Bangladesh and is strongly associated with both clinical and psychosocial factors. Integrating routine mental health screening and culturally sensitive psychosocial support into PCOS care is essential for improving overall health outcomes.</p>

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Depressive symptoms among young women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Bangladesh

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • Sumaiya Binte Khalid,
  • Md. Monir Hossain Shimul,
  • Salim Khan,
  • Salamat Khandker

摘要

Background

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Evidence suggests a markedly elevated burden of depression among women with PCOS; however, context-specific data from South Asia, particularly Bangladesh, remain limited. This study assessed the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of depression among young Bangladeshi women diagnosed with PCOS.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between December 2024 and July 2025 among 417 women aged 18–30 years with clinically diagnosed PCOS across Bangladesh. Participants were recruited from gynecology and endocrinology clinics, digital health, and online PCOS support platforms using a combined purposive and convenience-based voluntary sampling approach. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and total scores were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptom levels. The PHQ-9 was used exclusively to assess depressive symptoms. Psychosocial variables including body image dissatisfaction, perceived family and social support, fertility concerns, and stress related to PCOS symptoms were assessed separately using structured questionnaire items developed based on relevant literature. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed, with associations reported using adjusted odds ratios (aORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values.

Results

Nearly two-thirds of participants (67.4%) experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Moderate depression was most common (36.0%), followed by mild (32.6%) and severe symptoms (31.4%). After adjustment, longer PCOS duration (> 2 years; aOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.08–2.01, p < 0.05), menstrual irregularity (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.34–3.32, p < 0.01), and fertility concerns (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.72–4.79, p < 0.001) were independently associated with depression. Body image dissatisfaction (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.48, p < 0.001) and adequate perceived social support (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.51, p < 0.001) showed significant protective associations against depression.

Conclusion

Depression is highly prevalent among young women with PCOS in Bangladesh and is strongly associated with both clinical and psychosocial factors. Integrating routine mental health screening and culturally sensitive psychosocial support into PCOS care is essential for improving overall health outcomes.