<p>Food insecurity is a significant development challenge in Ethiopia, which is highly dependent on the performance of the agriculture sector, which is affected by climate change. To address this, the Ethiopian government has undertaken considerable efforts to enhance agricultural production and productivity, and thereby improve food security through the implementation of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices (CSAPs). Therefore, this study examined the impact of CSAPs on wheat farmers’ food security in northwestern Ethiopia. The study was based on primary data collected from 385 wheat farmers (including 702 plots) using three-stage sampling procedures from three well-known wheat producer districts of east Gojjam zone, Ethiopia. Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression (MESR) model was applied to address the research objective. The MESR model result illustrated that the adoption of CSAPs (wheat row planting, crop rotation and improved wheat variety) individually or in combination considerably raised calorie intake, FCS, and HDDS. The highest return was gained when wheat farmers adopted the three CSAPs simultaneously in one plot. The impact pathways result evidenced that adoption of CSAPs improved household food security status (increase Kcal, FCS, and HDDS) through enhancing wheat crop technical efficiency and income. The finding of this study reinforce the concept that CSAPs improve food security. A synergistic effect exists when farmers adopt multiple CSAPs, as these practices complement one another. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive strategy to improve smallholder farmers’ food security by promoting the adoption of CSAPs.</p>