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<p>This study evaluated the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of raw <i>Nigella sativa</i> crude seeds (NSC) and their post-oil extraction solid byproducts, including defatted seeds (NSD) and extraction residues (NSR), which are typically considered agro-industrial waste. Ultrasonic extraction (UE), a sustainable green technique, was compared to conventional extraction (CE) by assessing how solvent type (ethanol, methanol, or water mixtures), extraction time, and sample variety affected bioactive compound recovery. Key metrics encompassed total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant performance was gauged using DPPH radical scavenging assays (both solution-based and solid-sample QUENCHER-DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and phenanthroline methods. HPLC-DAD profiling identified and quantified prominent phenolic compounds. Results revealed that UE increased extraction yields by approximately 30% compared to CE, yielding comparable TPC (29.63 ± 0.02&#xa0;µg GAE/mg extract) but substantially higher TFC (19.93 ± 0.03&#xa0;µg QE/mg extract). The highest TAC was observed in NSC extracted via UE with ethanol for 15&#xa0;min (0.587&#xa0;mg Trolox equivalents/mg extract). NSR subjected to UE with methanol for 30&#xa0;min showed superior DPPH scavenging (33%, equivalent to 56.37&#xa0;µg Trolox/mg), while CE excelled for NSD in the phenanthroline assay. HPLC-DAD identified gallic acid, rutin, methyl gallate, and catechin as the primary phenolics. Overall, these results position ultrasonic extraction as an efficient, eco-friendly approach for recovering high-value antioxidants from <i>Nigella sativa</i> byproducts, with strong potential for therapeutic applications.</p>

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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction time and solvent to improve phenolic recovery and antioxidant yield from Nigella sativa oil-extraction waste

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Dalia Nafir,
  • Belattar Noureddine,
  • Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab

摘要

This study evaluated the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of raw Nigella sativa crude seeds (NSC) and their post-oil extraction solid byproducts, including defatted seeds (NSD) and extraction residues (NSR), which are typically considered agro-industrial waste. Ultrasonic extraction (UE), a sustainable green technique, was compared to conventional extraction (CE) by assessing how solvent type (ethanol, methanol, or water mixtures), extraction time, and sample variety affected bioactive compound recovery. Key metrics encompassed total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant performance was gauged using DPPH radical scavenging assays (both solution-based and solid-sample QUENCHER-DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and phenanthroline methods. HPLC-DAD profiling identified and quantified prominent phenolic compounds. Results revealed that UE increased extraction yields by approximately 30% compared to CE, yielding comparable TPC (29.63 ± 0.02 µg GAE/mg extract) but substantially higher TFC (19.93 ± 0.03 µg QE/mg extract). The highest TAC was observed in NSC extracted via UE with ethanol for 15 min (0.587 mg Trolox equivalents/mg extract). NSR subjected to UE with methanol for 30 min showed superior DPPH scavenging (33%, equivalent to 56.37 µg Trolox/mg), while CE excelled for NSD in the phenanthroline assay. HPLC-DAD identified gallic acid, rutin, methyl gallate, and catechin as the primary phenolics. Overall, these results position ultrasonic extraction as an efficient, eco-friendly approach for recovering high-value antioxidants from Nigella sativa byproducts, with strong potential for therapeutic applications.