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<p>Wheat is an important part of Afghanistan’s food security, but its productivity remains low because key agricultural inputs are not used effectively. This study investigates the productivity of key inputs used in irrigated wheat cultivation by analyzing survey data collected from 300 farmers. Using a flexible square-root production function, the study estimates marginal productivities and partial elasticities for land, labor, fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, water, and machinery to identify which inputs are contributing effectively and which are being overused. The results show that using machinery, labor, and phosphate fertilizer all help wheat grow, while using too much nitrogen fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, and water all hurt productivity. These results show that improving wheat production outcomes requires optimizing how inputs are used rather than simply increasing their use. This research adds value by giving detailed input-specific diagnostic evidence using a nonlinear functional form that is not often used in Afghanistan. The study provides actionable insights to enhance resource use and foster more sustainable wheat production nationwide.</p>

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Productivity analysis of agricultural inputs in wheat cultivation in Afghanistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Hafizullah Radmand,
  • Habibullah Rezaei,
  • Ali Keramatzadeh,
  • Farshid Eshraghi

摘要

Wheat is an important part of Afghanistan’s food security, but its productivity remains low because key agricultural inputs are not used effectively. This study investigates the productivity of key inputs used in irrigated wheat cultivation by analyzing survey data collected from 300 farmers. Using a flexible square-root production function, the study estimates marginal productivities and partial elasticities for land, labor, fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, water, and machinery to identify which inputs are contributing effectively and which are being overused. The results show that using machinery, labor, and phosphate fertilizer all help wheat grow, while using too much nitrogen fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, and water all hurt productivity. These results show that improving wheat production outcomes requires optimizing how inputs are used rather than simply increasing their use. This research adds value by giving detailed input-specific diagnostic evidence using a nonlinear functional form that is not often used in Afghanistan. The study provides actionable insights to enhance resource use and foster more sustainable wheat production nationwide.