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<p>The rapid growth of ultra-processed food (UPF) production, marketing, and consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is driving dietary shifts linked to obesity and other diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While policy attention is increasing, regulatory responses remain heterogeneous and unevenly implemented. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on national policies and initiatives aimed at reducing UPF consumption and supporting healthier, contextually appropriate, and equitable food systems in SSA. The review followed a five-stage process: (1) identification of relevant countries and policy domains; (2) comprehensive searching of peer-reviewed literature, national policy documents, and reports from international agencies and NGOs; (3) screening and selection of eligible sources; (4) categorization of policy instruments; and (5) qualitative synthesis of implementation experiences and challenges. A conceptual policy analysis framework was applied to classify policies into four domains: fiscal measures, front-of-pack labeling, marketing restrictions, and public health and nutrition education. Countries including South Africa and Kenya have introduced fiscal and labeling measures targeting UPFs, while Nigeria and Ghana have implemented marketing restrictions. Complementary initiatives, such as nutrition education and support for local food systems, are emerging in Rwanda and Uganda. Common challenges include enforcement gaps, policy fragmentation, industry influence, and inequities in exposure to UPFs and access to regulatory protection. Findings highlight both progress and ongoing constraints in national policy responses. Coherent, context-sensitive, and equity-informed policies, supported by effective governance and safeguards against conflicts of interest, can strengthen efforts to address diet-related NCDs while promoting sustainable and culturally appropriate food systems.</p>

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A narrative review of food policies and initiatives targeting ultra processed food consumption in Sub Saharan Africa

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Berhanu Abebaw Mekonnen,
  • Chalachew Yenew,
  • Habitamu Mekonen,
  • Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu,
  • Abraham Teym,
  • Abathun Temesgen,
  • Gashaw Melkie Bayeh,
  • Almaw Genet Yeshiwas,
  • Rahel Mulatie Anteneh,
  • Getaneh Atikilt Yemata,
  • Tesfaneh Shimels,
  • Wolde Melese Ayele,
  • Ahmed Fentaw Ahmed,
  • Assefa Andargie Kassa,
  • Tilahun Degu Tsega,
  • Chalachew Abiyu Ayalew,
  • Sintayehu Simie Tsega,
  • Zeamanuel Anteneh Yigzaw,
  • Amare Genetu Ejigu,
  • Wondimnew Desalegn Addis,
  • Getasew Yirdaw,
  • Kalaab Esubalew Sharew,
  • Daniel Adane,
  • Birhanemaskal Malkamu

摘要

The rapid growth of ultra-processed food (UPF) production, marketing, and consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is driving dietary shifts linked to obesity and other diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While policy attention is increasing, regulatory responses remain heterogeneous and unevenly implemented. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on national policies and initiatives aimed at reducing UPF consumption and supporting healthier, contextually appropriate, and equitable food systems in SSA. The review followed a five-stage process: (1) identification of relevant countries and policy domains; (2) comprehensive searching of peer-reviewed literature, national policy documents, and reports from international agencies and NGOs; (3) screening and selection of eligible sources; (4) categorization of policy instruments; and (5) qualitative synthesis of implementation experiences and challenges. A conceptual policy analysis framework was applied to classify policies into four domains: fiscal measures, front-of-pack labeling, marketing restrictions, and public health and nutrition education. Countries including South Africa and Kenya have introduced fiscal and labeling measures targeting UPFs, while Nigeria and Ghana have implemented marketing restrictions. Complementary initiatives, such as nutrition education and support for local food systems, are emerging in Rwanda and Uganda. Common challenges include enforcement gaps, policy fragmentation, industry influence, and inequities in exposure to UPFs and access to regulatory protection. Findings highlight both progress and ongoing constraints in national policy responses. Coherent, context-sensitive, and equity-informed policies, supported by effective governance and safeguards against conflicts of interest, can strengthen efforts to address diet-related NCDs while promoting sustainable and culturally appropriate food systems.