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<p>Phenolic compounds are versatile bioactive molecules, particularly in food applications. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of Shogaol, a member of the phenolic class, was evaluated using several methods. Additionally, its inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, as well as its antiproliferative effects on A-549 lung cancer, HT-29 colon cancer, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell lines, and the 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblast normal cell line, were investigated. To determine the antioxidant capacity of Shogaol, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, as well as Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, and FRAP reduction methods, were employed. Its inhibitory effects on hCA I and II, AChE, BChE, α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes were examined. Furthermore, cell counting was performed using the TBE method, and cell viability was measured with the XTT assay to assess the antiproliferative effects of Shogaol on A-549, HT-29, MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and 3T3-L1 cell lines. Shogaol demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity than BHA, BHT, and Trolox in the FRAP assay (60&#xa0;µg/mL), higher than BHT in the DPPH scavenging assay, and higher than Trolox in the ABTS, Cu²⁺, and Fe³⁺ reduction assays. Shogaol also exhibited significant inhibitory effects against hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE, and α-glycosidase, with IC₅₀ values of 75.91, 47.04, 37.44, 24.11, and 35.72 nM, respectively. Moreover, Shogaol showed a more potent antiproliferative effect than the standard chemotherapeutic drug Carboplatin in A-549 lung cancer and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines, and greater efficacy than Docetaxel in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.</p>

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Evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of shogaol and its modulatory effects on key metabolic enzymes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • İsmail Yapıcı,
  • İlhami Gülçin

摘要

Phenolic compounds are versatile bioactive molecules, particularly in food applications. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of Shogaol, a member of the phenolic class, was evaluated using several methods. Additionally, its inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, as well as its antiproliferative effects on A-549 lung cancer, HT-29 colon cancer, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell lines, and the 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblast normal cell line, were investigated. To determine the antioxidant capacity of Shogaol, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, as well as Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, and FRAP reduction methods, were employed. Its inhibitory effects on hCA I and II, AChE, BChE, α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes were examined. Furthermore, cell counting was performed using the TBE method, and cell viability was measured with the XTT assay to assess the antiproliferative effects of Shogaol on A-549, HT-29, MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and 3T3-L1 cell lines. Shogaol demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity than BHA, BHT, and Trolox in the FRAP assay (60 µg/mL), higher than BHT in the DPPH scavenging assay, and higher than Trolox in the ABTS, Cu²⁺, and Fe³⁺ reduction assays. Shogaol also exhibited significant inhibitory effects against hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE, and α-glycosidase, with IC₅₀ values of 75.91, 47.04, 37.44, 24.11, and 35.72 nM, respectively. Moreover, Shogaol showed a more potent antiproliferative effect than the standard chemotherapeutic drug Carboplatin in A-549 lung cancer and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines, and greater efficacy than Docetaxel in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.