<p>The Brazilian Cerrado is home to many native and endemic species of enormous potential, including pequi, buriti, baru, araticum, jatoba and mangaba. This article reviews the scientific literature concerning the valorization of byproducts of Cerrado fruits, which are commonly discarded into the environment. This review highlights the compounds of interest present in those byproducts and explores their potential application in food products. The byproducts of Cerrado fruits are rich in health-promoting phytochemicals, such as phenolics and carotenoids, minerals and dietary fiber, and in some cases, they may have higher concentrations than the edible portion of the fruit. Thus, these byproducts can serve as raw materials for high-value products, such as functional foods, and as sources of bioactive compounds for both food and pharmaceutical applications. In addition to reducing the environmental impact of improper waste disposal, the contributions of communities engaged in agroextraction of Cerrado fruits deserve recognition.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>