<p>Changes in the composition of gut microbiota have been associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and diverse primary mechanisms are proposed. However, research on this topic is still in the early stages, and many features of the microbiota-AD relationship are just starting to be revealed and understood. Obtaining a detailed knowledge of the complex connections and signaling pathways associated with the microbiota-gut-brain axis is critical for improving therapeutic strategies with positive impact on AD by targeting the gut microbiota. This article discusses the role of probiotic feeding in preventing gut dysbiosis and how the intake of probiotics prevents or slows down the onset of AD. It also shows the importance of maintaining and restoring the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, decreasing inflammatory state and maintaining the integrity of intestinal and blood–brain barriers. In addition, it is presented how the molecules derived from the metabolism of probiotic strains transit through the microbiota–gut–brain axis.</p>