A comprehensive investigation from sprouts to microgreens and mature plants of Amaranthus viridis L. as a prospective natural inhibitor of xanthine oxidase enzyme
摘要
In recent years microscale vegetables in the form of sprouts and microgreens have been on rise globally. In this study, sprouts, microgreens (grown in hydroponic solution as well as in soil) and mature plants of Amaranthus viridis L. were grown. The 70% methanolic extracts of the different growth stages of the plant were evaluated and compared for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory potentiality, chlorophyll and mineral content, total protein, antioxidant (TAC), phenol (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and free radicals scavenging activities. Sprout stage showed the highest TFC (13 ± 4.05 µg CE/mg) and highest mineral contents of P, Mg and Mn (2.623 ± 0.03 µg/g; 2.765 ± 0.07 µg/g and 0.089 ± 0.00 µg/g respectively) and measured no Cd content. Highest TPC (337.43 ± 83.70 µg GAE/mg) and highest Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll content (0.10 ± 0.003 mg/g; 0.18 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.29 ± 0.002 mg/g respectively) were measured in soil grown microgreens. Highest XO inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.554 ± 0.020 mg/ml) was also observed in the sprouts. Mature stage of plants showed the highest TAC (66.44 ± 2.53 µg AAE/mg), DPPH and superoxide free radical scavenging activities (IC50 = 0.57 ± 0.03 mg/ml and 0.28 ± 0.02 mg/ml respectively) and highest content of Ca, Co, Cu, Na, and K were measured. GC/MS based metabolite profiling detected 95 compounds which include essential amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, phenols, sugars and sugar derivatives. The aim of this research is to compare among the different growing conditions of plant using metabolomics and chemometric strategies and to aware people to consume that maturation stage of plant into their daily routine life as a functional food item.