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Purpose <p>Mutual evaluation between residents and attending surgeons is a promising approach for fostering bidirectional feedback and professional development. However, its feasibility and educational impact in hierarchical surgical environments like Japan remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a prospective pilot study of a structured intraoperative mutual evaluation system at a Japanese teaching hospital. Eleven junior residents and ten attending surgeons participated over a 10-month period (June 2023–March 2024), completing structured evaluation forms after each surgery. The evaluation items covered both technical and non-technical competencies and were adapted from validated frameworks. A quantitative analysis assessed performance trends across rotation phases, roles, and surgical contexts. A post-program survey evaluated feasibility and perceived educational value.</p> Results <p>Mutual evaluations were completed in 275 of the 278 surgeries (99% response rate). Residents demonstrated statistically significant improvements in surgical skills and knowledge (<i>p</i> = 0.01) but not in non-technical domains. No significant score variation was observed in the residents’ operative role. Attending surgeons received higher ratings during emergency surgeries (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Both residents and attendings reported high levels of satisfaction. While manual form distribution ensured compliance, it presented logistical challenges.</p> Conclusions <p>This study supports the feasibility and educational utility of mutual intraoperative evaluations in a Japanese surgical setting. Structured bidirectional feedback can enhance technical training, support reflective practice, and foster psychological safety. Future research should explore digital implementation, scalability, and long-term educational outcomes.</p>

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Feasibility of a mutual intraoperative evaluation system for residents and attendings in Japan: a pilot single-center study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Keita Ishido,
  • Saseem Poudel,
  • Yuta Ishizuka,
  • Yuka Takakuwa,
  • Hiroyasu Tojima,
  • Yuma Aoki,
  • Kazuyuki Yamamoto,
  • Yasuhito Shoji,
  • Akira Fukunaga,
  • Tatsunosuke Ichimura,
  • Hiroto Manase,
  • Satoshi Hirano

摘要

Purpose

Mutual evaluation between residents and attending surgeons is a promising approach for fostering bidirectional feedback and professional development. However, its feasibility and educational impact in hierarchical surgical environments like Japan remain unclear.

Methods

We conducted a prospective pilot study of a structured intraoperative mutual evaluation system at a Japanese teaching hospital. Eleven junior residents and ten attending surgeons participated over a 10-month period (June 2023–March 2024), completing structured evaluation forms after each surgery. The evaluation items covered both technical and non-technical competencies and were adapted from validated frameworks. A quantitative analysis assessed performance trends across rotation phases, roles, and surgical contexts. A post-program survey evaluated feasibility and perceived educational value.

Results

Mutual evaluations were completed in 275 of the 278 surgeries (99% response rate). Residents demonstrated statistically significant improvements in surgical skills and knowledge (p = 0.01) but not in non-technical domains. No significant score variation was observed in the residents’ operative role. Attending surgeons received higher ratings during emergency surgeries (p = 0.01). Both residents and attendings reported high levels of satisfaction. While manual form distribution ensured compliance, it presented logistical challenges.

Conclusions

This study supports the feasibility and educational utility of mutual intraoperative evaluations in a Japanese surgical setting. Structured bidirectional feedback can enhance technical training, support reflective practice, and foster psychological safety. Future research should explore digital implementation, scalability, and long-term educational outcomes.