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<p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a growing global health burden, necessitating the development of effective alternative antimicrobial strategies. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <i>Persicaria capitata</i> (PS) extract via a green synthesis approach and to evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against uropathogens. <i>PS</i>-AgNPs were synthesized using the green synthesis method at a 1:9 (v/v) PS extract-to-AgNO₃ ratio at pH 8 via reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) using aqueous <i>Persicaria capitate</i> extract. The development of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and characterized by zeta potential, particle size analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (E-XRD), crystal violet biofilm inhibition assay, and in vitro antibacterial activity by broth dilution method. A color change from faint green to dark brown, attributed to surface plasmon resonance (SPR), confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The synthesized PS-AgNPs exhibited a mean particle size of 50 ± 3&#xa0;nm (PDI 0.234 ± 0.05) and a zeta potential of − 27.1 ± 1.7 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. E-XRD analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver in the synthesized nanoparticles. Antibacterial evaluation showed that PS-AgNPs exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.6 ± 0.2&#xa0;µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.25 ± 0.5&#xa0;µg/mL against <i>S. aureus</i>. In contrast, for <i>E. coli</i>, the MIC and MBC values were 12.5 ± 1.8&#xa0;µg/mL and 25 ± 3.7&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively. PS-AgNPs significantly reduced <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm mass compared with the untreated control and PS extract (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). At MIC and MBC, concentrations PS-AgNPs achieved biofilm reductions of 69.54 ± 3.85% and 38.74 ± 2.57%, respectively, whereas PS extract produced 75.31 ± 4.38% and 54.35 ± 3.57% reduction, corroborating their potent anti-biofilm and bactericidal properties. These findings suggest that green-synthesized PS-AgNPs possess promising anti-uropathogenic activity and may serve as a potential alternative to conventional treatments for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Nevertheless, further formulation optimization and comprehensive in-vivo investigations are essential to substantiate their clinical applicability in the management of UTIs.</p>

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Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Persicaria capitata Leaves for Use Against Urinary Tract Pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Sunil T. Galatage,
  • Arehalli S. Manjappa,
  • Somnath D. Bhinge,
  • Sushant Magdum,
  • Malleswara Rao Peram,
  • Rubina U. Watangi,
  • Unnam Sambamoorthy

摘要

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a growing global health burden, necessitating the development of effective alternative antimicrobial strategies. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Persicaria capitata (PS) extract via a green synthesis approach and to evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against uropathogens. PS-AgNPs were synthesized using the green synthesis method at a 1:9 (v/v) PS extract-to-AgNO₃ ratio at pH 8 via reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) using aqueous Persicaria capitate extract. The development of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and characterized by zeta potential, particle size analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (E-XRD), crystal violet biofilm inhibition assay, and in vitro antibacterial activity by broth dilution method. A color change from faint green to dark brown, attributed to surface plasmon resonance (SPR), confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The synthesized PS-AgNPs exhibited a mean particle size of 50 ± 3 nm (PDI 0.234 ± 0.05) and a zeta potential of − 27.1 ± 1.7 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. E-XRD analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver in the synthesized nanoparticles. Antibacterial evaluation showed that PS-AgNPs exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.6 ± 0.2 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.25 ± 0.5 µg/mL against S. aureus. In contrast, for E. coli, the MIC and MBC values were 12.5 ± 1.8 µg/mL and 25 ± 3.7 µg/mL, respectively. PS-AgNPs significantly reduced S. aureus biofilm mass compared with the untreated control and PS extract (p < 0.001). At MIC and MBC, concentrations PS-AgNPs achieved biofilm reductions of 69.54 ± 3.85% and 38.74 ± 2.57%, respectively, whereas PS extract produced 75.31 ± 4.38% and 54.35 ± 3.57% reduction, corroborating their potent anti-biofilm and bactericidal properties. These findings suggest that green-synthesized PS-AgNPs possess promising anti-uropathogenic activity and may serve as a potential alternative to conventional treatments for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Nevertheless, further formulation optimization and comprehensive in-vivo investigations are essential to substantiate their clinical applicability in the management of UTIs.