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<p>The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts represents a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional physicochemical methods. This review consolidates and compares the findings from five consecutive studies by Bidan and Al-Ali that utilize extracts from the Iraqi plant <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L.) Aiton for the biosynthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu) nanoparticles. The primary focus is on the role of different plant biomolecules—crude ethanolic extract versus isolated essential oils (EOs)—in the reduction and capping processes, and the subsequent biological activities of the synthesized nanoparticles. All studies consistently report the successful formation of spherical, crystalline nanoparticles characterized by various techniques. The bio-evaluations reveal potent, dose-dependent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) bacteria, and significant anticancer activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, primarily through the induction of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. This review highlights the evolution of the synthesis approach, the superiority of essential oil-capped nanoparticles in some bioactivities, and identifies consistent research gaps, particularly the need for a deeper mechanistic understanding and in vivo validation.</p>

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Comparative Review of Phytosynthesized Metallic Nanoparticles from Iraqi Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton: Mechanisms, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Efficacy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Zainab Shakir Abdullah Al-Ali,
  • Ali Kadhum Bidan

摘要

The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts represents a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional physicochemical methods. This review consolidates and compares the findings from five consecutive studies by Bidan and Al-Ali that utilize extracts from the Iraqi plant Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton for the biosynthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu) nanoparticles. The primary focus is on the role of different plant biomolecules—crude ethanolic extract versus isolated essential oils (EOs)—in the reduction and capping processes, and the subsequent biological activities of the synthesized nanoparticles. All studies consistently report the successful formation of spherical, crystalline nanoparticles characterized by various techniques. The bio-evaluations reveal potent, dose-dependent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, and significant anticancer activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, primarily through the induction of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. This review highlights the evolution of the synthesis approach, the superiority of essential oil-capped nanoparticles in some bioactivities, and identifies consistent research gaps, particularly the need for a deeper mechanistic understanding and in vivo validation.