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Objective <p>This review evaluates evolution, contemporary classification, and recent technological innovations in adhesive dentistry, focusing on strategies to overcome the inherent instability of the resin-dentin interface and enhance bond longevity.</p> Methodology <p>&#xa0;A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed research, clinical trials, and meta-analyses published between 2001 and 2025. The search targeted advancements in etch-and-rinse, self-etch (SE), and universal adhesives, focusing on functional monomers, nanotechnology, and enzymatic inhibition.</p> Results <p>The hybrid layer remains the "weakest link" due to hydrolytic degradation and host-derived enzymatic activity. Key innovations include the development of the 10-MDP monomer for chemical adhesion and the MDPB monomer for its dual antibacterial and MMP-inhibitory properties. The incorporation of nanofillers (silica, silver, and hydroxyapatite) and ion-releasing S-PRG glass fillers has significantly improved mechanical reinforcement and remineralization potential. While ER systems remain the benchmark for enamel, mild SE systems demonstrate superior dentin bonding through chemical chelation. Universal adhesives have emerged as a highly versatile solution, showing reliable performance across multiple etching modes.</p> Conclusion <p>Currently, selective enamel etching followed by a mild two-step SE adhesive represents the most effective clinical protocol. Universal adhesives are poised to dominate the restorative market due to their technique versatility. Future advancements in biomimetic, self-healing, and bio-responsive technologies are expected to revolutionize adhesive dentistry by creating "smart" interfaces that actively resist environmental degradation.</p>

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From Buonocore to Modern Bio-adhesion: A Review of Current Adhesives and Innovative Strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Shaymaa M. Nagi,
  • Engie M. Safwat

摘要

Objective

This review evaluates evolution, contemporary classification, and recent technological innovations in adhesive dentistry, focusing on strategies to overcome the inherent instability of the resin-dentin interface and enhance bond longevity.

Methodology

 A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed research, clinical trials, and meta-analyses published between 2001 and 2025. The search targeted advancements in etch-and-rinse, self-etch (SE), and universal adhesives, focusing on functional monomers, nanotechnology, and enzymatic inhibition.

Results

The hybrid layer remains the "weakest link" due to hydrolytic degradation and host-derived enzymatic activity. Key innovations include the development of the 10-MDP monomer for chemical adhesion and the MDPB monomer for its dual antibacterial and MMP-inhibitory properties. The incorporation of nanofillers (silica, silver, and hydroxyapatite) and ion-releasing S-PRG glass fillers has significantly improved mechanical reinforcement and remineralization potential. While ER systems remain the benchmark for enamel, mild SE systems demonstrate superior dentin bonding through chemical chelation. Universal adhesives have emerged as a highly versatile solution, showing reliable performance across multiple etching modes.

Conclusion

Currently, selective enamel etching followed by a mild two-step SE adhesive represents the most effective clinical protocol. Universal adhesives are poised to dominate the restorative market due to their technique versatility. Future advancements in biomimetic, self-healing, and bio-responsive technologies are expected to revolutionize adhesive dentistry by creating "smart" interfaces that actively resist environmental degradation.