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<p>The wide-ranging applications of biologically synthesized nanoparticles represent an important aspect of nanobiotechnology. The biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained considerable attention in recent years due to their promising applications in biomedical, chemical, and environmental fields. Algae play a vital role in the pharmaceutical sector as sources of novel phytochemical compounds and as effective agents for the reduction of metallic ions. The present study focuses on the green synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anticancer potential of silver nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of the red alga <i>Halymenia dilatata</i>. AgNPs were synthesized by the addition of a 3 mM silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution to the algal extract. The formation of AgNPs was initially confirmed by a visible color change and further characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a characteristic absorbance peak at 437&#xa0;nm in the UV–Visible spectrum. FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of protein functional groups involved in nanoparticle stabilization. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD, while EDX analysis verified the high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. SEM analysis revealed that the AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape, with particle sizes ranging from 16 to 38&#xa0;nm. The overall yield of silver nanoparticles was 26.8%. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated significant anticancer activity. Treatment of mice with AgNPs at doses of 200&#xa0;mg/kg and 400&#xa0;mg/kg resulted in increased mean survival time (MST) and percentage increase in life span (ILS) compared to tumor control groups. The 400&#xa0;mg/kg dose showed the highest efficacy, with an MST of 42.19 ± 0.06 days and an ILS of 97.18%, whereas the 200&#xa0;mg/kg dose resulted in an MST of 36.31 ± 0.10 days and an ILS of 66.42%. These results were further supported by histopathological analysis, confirming the anticancer potential of AgNPs synthesized using <i>Halymenia dilatata</i>.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green-Synthesis, Characterization and In-Vivo Anticancer Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Red Alga Halymenia dilatata

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Fredrick Raja Edwardpaul,
  • Mahesh Saminathan,
  • Joseline Sofia Sharon,
  • T. Kalaivani,
  • Noorjahan Abdulbari,
  • Jeyabalan John Peter Paul,
  • Munusamy Muthukumaran,
  • Giridharan Bupesh,
  • Jogeswar Panigrahi,
  • Vajjiram Sangeetha

摘要

The wide-ranging applications of biologically synthesized nanoparticles represent an important aspect of nanobiotechnology. The biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained considerable attention in recent years due to their promising applications in biomedical, chemical, and environmental fields. Algae play a vital role in the pharmaceutical sector as sources of novel phytochemical compounds and as effective agents for the reduction of metallic ions. The present study focuses on the green synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anticancer potential of silver nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of the red alga Halymenia dilatata. AgNPs were synthesized by the addition of a 3 mM silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution to the algal extract. The formation of AgNPs was initially confirmed by a visible color change and further characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a characteristic absorbance peak at 437 nm in the UV–Visible spectrum. FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of protein functional groups involved in nanoparticle stabilization. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD, while EDX analysis verified the high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. SEM analysis revealed that the AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape, with particle sizes ranging from 16 to 38 nm. The overall yield of silver nanoparticles was 26.8%. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated significant anticancer activity. Treatment of mice with AgNPs at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg resulted in increased mean survival time (MST) and percentage increase in life span (ILS) compared to tumor control groups. The 400 mg/kg dose showed the highest efficacy, with an MST of 42.19 ± 0.06 days and an ILS of 97.18%, whereas the 200 mg/kg dose resulted in an MST of 36.31 ± 0.10 days and an ILS of 66.42%. These results were further supported by histopathological analysis, confirming the anticancer potential of AgNPs synthesized using Halymenia dilatata.

Graphical Abstract