Eco-Friendly Biosynthesis of Stable Silver Nanoparticles from Ziziphus mauritiana Leaves: Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation
摘要
This study highlights the eco-friendly synthesis and potent antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract as a natural reducing and capping agent. The unique properties of Ag NPs make them significantly less toxic and endow them with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities, leading to numerous potential applications. In the present study, Ag NPs were synthesized via a bio-reduction method using silver nitrate as a metallic precursor and varying concentrations of Ziziphus mauritiana extract. The extract exhibited strong potential for the rapid reduction of silver ions, facilitating the formation of stable nanoparticles. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Absorption surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks appeared in the range of 415–439 nm, confirming the formation of nanoparticles. In comparison, the SEM analysis revealed spherical particles with a size distribution ranging from 10 to 25 nm. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the colloidal Ag NPs and plant extract was evaluated against Escherichia Coli using different concentrations (C1 = 100 µg/ml, C2 = 50 µg/ml, C3 = 25 µg/ml) using the well diffusion method. The antifungal activity was also examined against Candida Albicans, showing low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and significant fungal growth inhibition. The mode of action involves the disruption of fungal cell membrane integrity and oxidative stress induction. The green-synthesized Ag NPs demonstrated excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties, suggesting their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents.