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<p>Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems and patient well-being, however plant-natural compounds offer promising alternatives to combat drug-resistant pathogens. In this work, we investigate the sustainable production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) through employing plant leaf extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (MO) as a reducing and stabilizing agent with antimicrobial, anticancer and antibiofilm properties. The synthesized MO-ZnONPs were analyzed and characterized utilizing UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM with EDX analyses. UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited a peak value at 450&#xa0;nm, confirmed the synthesis and the characteristic SPR absorption. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of biomolecules from <i>M. oleifera</i> leaf extract, suggesting their role in nanoparticle formation and stabilization. SEM images revealed well-dispersed ZnONPs with slight aggregation owing to phytochemical interactions, while EDX confirmed a higher percentage of zinc. The X-ray diffractograms (XRD) of MO-ZnONPs reflected both amorphous and crystalline domains. The average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanoparticles obtained by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were in the range 75–190&#xa0;mm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.34 respectively. MO-ZnONPs exhibited a zeta potential of −&#xa0;20.6&#xa0;mV, indicating moderate colloidal stability. With a maximal inhibition against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at 60&#xa0;µg/mL, MO-ZnONPs effectively inhibited the growth of the pathogenic bacteria. Fabrics coated with MO-ZnONPs also inhibited microbial development, especially against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>,<i> Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. With the highest inhibition of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm production at 96.8%, MO-ZnONPs demonstrated potent antibiofilm action. Furthermore, MO-ZnONPs successfully inhibited the SK-MEL-3 cancer cells and showed potential against proliferation. In conclusion, strong antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer properties were shown by the sustainable production of ZnONPs using <i>M. oleifera</i> leaf extract, underscoring their potential for a range of biomedical and healthcare applications.</p>

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Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Approach for Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Cytotoxic Potentials Against Skin Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Boojhana Elango,
  • M. Maghimaa,
  • Gunadhor Singh Okram

摘要

Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems and patient well-being, however plant-natural compounds offer promising alternatives to combat drug-resistant pathogens. In this work, we investigate the sustainable production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) through employing plant leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) as a reducing and stabilizing agent with antimicrobial, anticancer and antibiofilm properties. The synthesized MO-ZnONPs were analyzed and characterized utilizing UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM with EDX analyses. UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited a peak value at 450 nm, confirmed the synthesis and the characteristic SPR absorption. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of biomolecules from M. oleifera leaf extract, suggesting their role in nanoparticle formation and stabilization. SEM images revealed well-dispersed ZnONPs with slight aggregation owing to phytochemical interactions, while EDX confirmed a higher percentage of zinc. The X-ray diffractograms (XRD) of MO-ZnONPs reflected both amorphous and crystalline domains. The average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanoparticles obtained by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were in the range 75–190 mm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.34 respectively. MO-ZnONPs exhibited a zeta potential of − 20.6 mV, indicating moderate colloidal stability. With a maximal inhibition against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus at 60 µg/mL, MO-ZnONPs effectively inhibited the growth of the pathogenic bacteria. Fabrics coated with MO-ZnONPs also inhibited microbial development, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. With the highest inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm production at 96.8%, MO-ZnONPs demonstrated potent antibiofilm action. Furthermore, MO-ZnONPs successfully inhibited the SK-MEL-3 cancer cells and showed potential against proliferation. In conclusion, strong antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer properties were shown by the sustainable production of ZnONPs using M. oleifera leaf extract, underscoring their potential for a range of biomedical and healthcare applications.