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<p>The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a critical global healthcare challenge, undermining the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial agents. The present study investigates the synthesis and characterization of iron oxide/silver oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ag<sub>2</sub>O) nanocomposites using the <i>Stephania abyssinica</i> plant extract as a green synthesis medium. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, zeta potential (ZP), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electronic spectra confirmed the nanocomposites’ synthesis through characteristic surface plasmon resonance peaks, while band gap analysis revealed a synergistic reduction of 2.76&#xa0;eV. FTIR analysis validated the role of phytochemicals in functionalizing and stabilizing the nanocomposites. The Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ag<sub>2</sub>O nanocomposites exhibited superior stability (−22.2 mV zeta potential) compared to Ag<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticle (−15.2 mV), as evidenced by XRD and SEM analyses, which also confirmed by particle dispersion and size control. Concerning antibacterial activity, the nanocomposites exhibited superior efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, outperforming individual Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ag<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles, as determined by the zone of inhibition method. The maximum ZOI values recorded by Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ag<sub>2</sub>O were 12.5 ± 0.33 for <i>shigella</i>, 14.00 ± 0.51 for <i>bacillus</i>, 13.5 ± 0.58&#xa0;mm for <i>E. coli</i>, and 18 ± 0.25&#xa0;mm for <i>S. aureus</i>. The green synthesized Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ag<sub>2</sub>O NCs, Ag<sub>2</sub>O NPs and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs exhibited maximum scavenging activities of 93.87%, 88.37%, and 73.01%, respectively. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed exceptional antioxidant activity, achieving 93.87% scavenging efficiency to highlight their multifunctional bioactive potentials.</p>

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Biosynthesis of Fe2O3–Ag2O Nanocomposites Using Stephania Abyssinica (Hidda Kalaalaa) Leaf Extract: An Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Bulti Abdisa Kerayu,
  • Bekele Negasa,
  • Girmaye Asefa,
  • Kumela Dabesa,
  • Amitabha Datta

摘要

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a critical global healthcare challenge, undermining the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial agents. The present study investigates the synthesis and characterization of iron oxide/silver oxide (Fe2O3–Ag2O) nanocomposites using the Stephania abyssinica plant extract as a green synthesis medium. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, zeta potential (ZP), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electronic spectra confirmed the nanocomposites’ synthesis through characteristic surface plasmon resonance peaks, while band gap analysis revealed a synergistic reduction of 2.76 eV. FTIR analysis validated the role of phytochemicals in functionalizing and stabilizing the nanocomposites. The Fe2O3–Ag2O nanocomposites exhibited superior stability (−22.2 mV zeta potential) compared to Ag2O nanoparticle (−15.2 mV), as evidenced by XRD and SEM analyses, which also confirmed by particle dispersion and size control. Concerning antibacterial activity, the nanocomposites exhibited superior efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, outperforming individual Fe2O3 and Ag2O nanoparticles, as determined by the zone of inhibition method. The maximum ZOI values recorded by Fe2O3–Ag2O were 12.5 ± 0.33 for shigella, 14.00 ± 0.51 for bacillus, 13.5 ± 0.58 mm for E. coli, and 18 ± 0.25 mm for S. aureus. The green synthesized Fe2O3–Ag2O NCs, Ag2O NPs and Fe2O3 NPs exhibited maximum scavenging activities of 93.87%, 88.37%, and 73.01%, respectively. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed exceptional antioxidant activity, achieving 93.87% scavenging efficiency to highlight their multifunctional bioactive potentials.