Sustainable ZnO NPs for a Greener Future: An Integrative Review of Emerging Frontiers in Environmental, Biomedical, and Nanoinformatics Applications
摘要
Green nanotechnology is an innovative area that focuses on developing and using nanotechnology in a way that is sustainable for the environment. This review highlighted a thorough understanding of the synthesis, properties, and uses of metal oxide nanoparticles from medicinally important plant extracts, and this can have significant effects in the biomedical and environmental fields. Specific plants like Morinda citrifolia, Catharanthus roseus, Allium cepa L., and Basella alba fruits are highlighted in this review due to their ability to accumulate, detoxify, and remediate toxic metals. This review also explores the biological applications of Zinc oxide nanoparticles, including their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and drug delivery properties, which are crucial for medical and healthcare purposes. In addition to this, the role of nanoinformatics and the role of metal oxide nanoparticles in the pharma industry are also points to consider. This gives an idea about how to optimize the interaction of nanoparticles with phytocomponents and further reaction with biological macromolecules. It can help us to focus on the role of nanoinformatics in drug design and targeted drug delivery. Through the combination of biogenic synthesis and nanoinformatics, scientists can identify and optimize synthesis parameters, construct structure–property interactions, and facilitate the development of environmentally friendly nanoparticles. To develop high-performance, sustainable ZnO NPs for a variety of applications, this review emphasizes the synergistic potential of integrating green synthesis with informatics tools. Additionally, it highlights important areas for research, the need for standardization, and potential future developments, establishing this integrated approach as a key route toward more environmentally friendly nanotechnology.