<p>It remains a fundamental challenge in biofabrication to simultaneously replicate native tissue mechanical properties and provide a conducive environment to support cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Hence, multi-material bioprinting has gained enormous traction, and in turn, prompted a surge in efforts towards the development of fit-for-purpose multi-material deposition strategies. Coaxial extrusion has become a commonly adopted approach for many applications and offers unique advantages for certain clinical scenarios. However, concentrically arranging inks inherently limits printing resolution capabilities, restricts core ink interconnectivity throughout the layers of a 3D structure, and often results in a system which depends on effective diffusion through an outer shell layer; whether this be the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients to reach a cell-laden core, or the diffusion of crosslinking reagents to reach an unpolymerized core material. As such, alternative methods for hybrid construct fabrication are required. Here we report the design, development, and preliminary characterisation of a colinear extrusion nozzle which enables the side-by-side deposition of two inks as a single filament with competitive print resolution capabilities. We explore the use of two nozzle build materials and highlight the use of colinear extrusion to fabricate human dermal fibroblast (HDF)-laden constructs, showcasing potential of the colinear nozzle for multi-material biofabrication. We propose that by reducing the nexus between inks, colinear extrusion may prove a more suitable route for the construction of certain biomimetic constructs which simultaneously support cell survival and replicate host tissue mechanical properties.</p>

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Colinear Extrusion as an Alternative Multi-Material 3D Bioprinting Approach for Tissue Engineering Applications

  • Eileen Stacey,
  • Marnie Maddock,
  • Mirella Dottori,
  • Stephen Beirne,
  • Zhilian Yue

摘要

It remains a fundamental challenge in biofabrication to simultaneously replicate native tissue mechanical properties and provide a conducive environment to support cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Hence, multi-material bioprinting has gained enormous traction, and in turn, prompted a surge in efforts towards the development of fit-for-purpose multi-material deposition strategies. Coaxial extrusion has become a commonly adopted approach for many applications and offers unique advantages for certain clinical scenarios. However, concentrically arranging inks inherently limits printing resolution capabilities, restricts core ink interconnectivity throughout the layers of a 3D structure, and often results in a system which depends on effective diffusion through an outer shell layer; whether this be the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients to reach a cell-laden core, or the diffusion of crosslinking reagents to reach an unpolymerized core material. As such, alternative methods for hybrid construct fabrication are required. Here we report the design, development, and preliminary characterisation of a colinear extrusion nozzle which enables the side-by-side deposition of two inks as a single filament with competitive print resolution capabilities. We explore the use of two nozzle build materials and highlight the use of colinear extrusion to fabricate human dermal fibroblast (HDF)-laden constructs, showcasing potential of the colinear nozzle for multi-material biofabrication. We propose that by reducing the nexus between inks, colinear extrusion may prove a more suitable route for the construction of certain biomimetic constructs which simultaneously support cell survival and replicate host tissue mechanical properties.