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<p>This study presents a novel green synthesis of ellagic acid-based silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub>-EA NPs) and investigates their anticancer potential against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell lines. The nanoparticles were synthesized using ellagic acid as both a reducing and stabilizing agent and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and DLS techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated through MTT assays, and the results demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. Further mechanistic insights revealed that Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub>-EA NPs induced apoptosis via disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and downregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The nanoparticles also inhibited angiogenesis in CAM assays and significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion in Transwell assays. Cell cycle analysis showed G2/M phase arrest, further confirming their antiproliferative action. These findings suggest that Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub>-EA NPs offer a multifunctional platform with enhanced cytotoxicity, making them a promising candidate for NSCLC therapy.</p>

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Development of Ellagic- Acid Based Silver Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Against Human A549 Cell Lines and Study of Their Mechanism at the Cellular Level

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Subhasini Kandasamy,
  • Shanmugarathinam Alagarsamy

摘要

This study presents a novel green synthesis of ellagic acid-based silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2-EA NPs) and investigates their anticancer potential against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell lines. The nanoparticles were synthesized using ellagic acid as both a reducing and stabilizing agent and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and DLS techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated through MTT assays, and the results demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. Further mechanistic insights revealed that Ag-TiO2-EA NPs induced apoptosis via disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and downregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The nanoparticles also inhibited angiogenesis in CAM assays and significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion in Transwell assays. Cell cycle analysis showed G2/M phase arrest, further confirming their antiproliferative action. These findings suggest that Ag-TiO2-EA NPs offer a multifunctional platform with enhanced cytotoxicity, making them a promising candidate for NSCLC therapy.